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ISSN: 1336-5266 (Print)
ISSN: 1338-7014 (Online)
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Folia Oecologica
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➤ Volume 51(1) 2024
Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis Litter mixture effects on decomposition change with forest succession and are influenced by time and soil fauna in tropical mountain Andes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 1–17, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Castillo_Figueroa_2024, title = {Litter mixture effects on decomposition change with forest succession and are influenced by time and soil fauna in tropical mountain Andes}, author = {Dennis Castillo-Figueroa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0001}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {1–17}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In highly transformed regions, such as the tropical Andes, identifying the influence of forest succession and soil fauna on non-additive effects of litter decomposition is crucial for gaining a more realistic understanding of carbon dynamics and nutrient cycles. The objective of this paper was to analyze the changes of litter mixture effects on decomposition between different soil fauna treatments (macrofauna inclusion vs macrofauna exclusion) and successional stages (mature forests vs secondary forests) in upper Andean tropical forests along time by using a reciprocal translocation experiment of 1,344 litterbags that ran for 18 months with six common native Andean species. Thought t-tests, linear regressions, and linear mixed models, I found that litter mixture effects vary among sites and increase with time in secondary forests until the year of decomposition in litterbags with macrofauna exclusion. Mature forests exhibited strong antagonistic effects, while pronounced synergistic effects were observed in secondary forests. Although soil macrofauna did not increase significantly litter decomposition and synergistic effects in the mixtures at any of the stages of decay, it is likely that soil macrofauna may impact litter mixtures through top-down effects within soil food webs, rather than exerting a direct effect in the litter consumption as has been reported in tropical lowland ecosystems. Overall, this study supports the idea that litter mixtures exhibit significant variability across sites, can change with successional stage, and are influenced by soil fauna depending on the stage of decay in tropical Andean montane forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In highly transformed regions, such as the tropical Andes, identifying the influence of forest succession and soil fauna on non-additive effects of litter decomposition is crucial for gaining a more realistic understanding of carbon dynamics and nutrient cycles. The objective of this paper was to analyze the changes of litter mixture effects on decomposition between different soil fauna treatments (macrofauna inclusion vs macrofauna exclusion) and successional stages (mature forests vs secondary forests) in upper Andean tropical forests along time by using a reciprocal translocation experiment of 1,344 litterbags that ran for 18 months with six common native Andean species. Thought t-tests, linear regressions, and linear mixed models, I found that litter mixture effects vary among sites and increase with time in secondary forests until the year of decomposition in litterbags with macrofauna exclusion. Mature forests exhibited strong antagonistic effects, while pronounced synergistic effects were observed in secondary forests. Although soil macrofauna did not increase significantly litter decomposition and synergistic effects in the mixtures at any of the stages of decay, it is likely that soil macrofauna may impact litter mixtures through top-down effects within soil food webs, rather than exerting a direct effect in the litter consumption as has been reported in tropical lowland ecosystems. Overall, this study supports the idea that litter mixtures exhibit significant variability across sites, can change with successional stage, and are influenced by soil fauna depending on the stage of decay in tropical Andean montane forests. |
Jauschová, Terézia; Sarvašová, Lenka; Saniga, Miroslav; Langraf, Vladimír; Holecová, Milada; Honěk, Alois; Martinková, Zdenka; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Kulfan, Ján; Zach, Peter Ladybird (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) communities on nonnative blue spruce in central Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 18–28, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Jauschov__2024, title = {Ladybird (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) communities on nonnative blue spruce in central Europe}, author = {Terézia Jauschová and Lenka Sarvašová and Miroslav Saniga and Vladimír Langraf and Milada Holecová and Alois Honěk and Zdenka Martinková and Jiří Skuhrovec and Ján Kulfan and Peter Zach}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0002}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {18–28}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Blue spruce (Picea pungens) has been planted in urban greenery as an ornamental tree in central Europe for more than 150 years. We investigated whether this nonnative spruce is a convenient habitat for ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). In 2021 and 2022, adults and larvae were sampled in four towns in Slovakia at monthly intervals throughout the growing season, from April to October. We recorded adults of 27 species and larvae of 11 ladybird species. Conifer specialist ladybird species predominated both in adult and larval communities (adults – 9 species, 85.2% of all individuals; larvae – 7 species, 92.1% of all individuals). Exochomus quadripustulatus and Aphidecta obliterata were the most common in adult (31.8% and 33.5% of all individuals, respectively) and larval (57.5% and 25.1% of all individuals, respectively) communities. The most abundant generalist species was nonnative invasive Harmonia axyridis (adults – 5.6%, larvae – 6.8% of all individuals). Adults and larvae of ladybirds were more abundant on solitary trees than on trees growing in groups. Our results confirmed that blue spruce hosts rich ladybird communities and provides them shelter and food resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Blue spruce (Picea pungens) has been planted in urban greenery as an ornamental tree in central Europe for more than 150 years. We investigated whether this nonnative spruce is a convenient habitat for ladybirds (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). In 2021 and 2022, adults and larvae were sampled in four towns in Slovakia at monthly intervals throughout the growing season, from April to October. We recorded adults of 27 species and larvae of 11 ladybird species. Conifer specialist ladybird species predominated both in adult and larval communities (adults – 9 species, 85.2% of all individuals; larvae – 7 species, 92.1% of all individuals). Exochomus quadripustulatus and Aphidecta obliterata were the most common in adult (31.8% and 33.5% of all individuals, respectively) and larval (57.5% and 25.1% of all individuals, respectively) communities. The most abundant generalist species was nonnative invasive Harmonia axyridis (adults – 5.6%, larvae – 6.8% of all individuals). Adults and larvae of ladybirds were more abundant on solitary trees than on trees growing in groups. Our results confirmed that blue spruce hosts rich ladybird communities and provides them shelter and food resources. |
Mwakalukwa, Ezekiel Edward; Andrew, Samora Macrice Structure, regeneration and carbon stocks of woody plants in the Litwang’ata village land forest reserve, Southwest Tanzania Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 29–38, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Mwakalukwa_2024, title = {Structure, regeneration and carbon stocks of woody plants in the Litwang’ata village land forest reserve, Southwest Tanzania}, author = {Ezekiel Edward Mwakalukwa and Samora Macrice Andrew}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0003}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {29–38}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The plant biodiversity status of many village land forest reserves is little known to support meaningful implementation of sustainable forest management objectives in Tanzania. This study was conducted to assess the status of Litwang’ata village land forest reserve in Ludewa district, Southwest Tanzania through 20 square sample plots of 10 × 10 m. A total of 20 woody plant species belonging to 12 families and 19 genera with DBH ≥ 5 cm were identified in the study forest. The most important species with their importance value index were Brachystegia spiciformis (78.02), Brachystegia boehmii (22.05), Faurea saligna (15.18), Uapaca kirkiana (14), Acacia amythethophylla (13.07), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia (12.76) and Gardenia ternifolia (10.36). The forest had a Shannon diversity index (H´) of 2.27, indicating medium diversity. Stand structure comprised 1,330 ± 523 stems ha–1, basal area of 18.97 ± 6.81 m2 ha–1 and stand volume of 142.36 ± 52.17 m3 ha–1. The mean above- and belowground carbon stocks were 46.97 ± 17.23 Mg ha–1 and 23.90 ± 8.58 Mg ha–1 respectively. The higher tree densities, basal area, stand volume and carbon stocks recorded in this study compared to other Miombo woodlands indicate that Litwang’ata forest is still in good condition, and managment efforts should be strengthened to bolster biodiversity conservation for present and future generations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The plant biodiversity status of many village land forest reserves is little known to support meaningful implementation of sustainable forest management objectives in Tanzania. This study was conducted to assess the status of Litwang’ata village land forest reserve in Ludewa district, Southwest Tanzania through 20 square sample plots of 10 × 10 m. A total of 20 woody plant species belonging to 12 families and 19 genera with DBH ≥ 5 cm were identified in the study forest. The most important species with their importance value index were Brachystegia spiciformis (78.02), Brachystegia boehmii (22.05), Faurea saligna (15.18), Uapaca kirkiana (14), Acacia amythethophylla (13.07), Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia (12.76) and Gardenia ternifolia (10.36). The forest had a Shannon diversity index (H´) of 2.27, indicating medium diversity. Stand structure comprised 1,330 ± 523 stems ha–1, basal area of 18.97 ± 6.81 m2 ha–1 and stand volume of 142.36 ± 52.17 m3 ha–1. The mean above- and belowground carbon stocks were 46.97 ± 17.23 Mg ha–1 and 23.90 ± 8.58 Mg ha–1 respectively. The higher tree densities, basal area, stand volume and carbon stocks recorded in this study compared to other Miombo woodlands indicate that Litwang’ata forest is still in good condition, and managment efforts should be strengthened to bolster biodiversity conservation for present and future generations. |
Baek, Gyeongwon; Kim, Choonsig Litterfall, litter decomposition, and carbon storage of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis stands in South Korea Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 39–46, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Baek_2024, title = {Litterfall, litter decomposition, and carbon storage of \textit{Pinus densiflora} and \textit{Quercus variabilis} stands in South Korea}, author = {Gyeongwon Baek and Choonsig Kim}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0004}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {39–46}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The quantification of carbon (C) storage of different stand types is a key component for understanding forest C cycles and potential climate change. This study evaluated the effects of stand types on litterfall, litter decomposition, and forest C storage in Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus variabilis Blume stands in southern Korea. The aboveground C storage by tree biomass was not affected (P > 0.05) by stand types (P. densiflora: 79.49 Mg C ha–1; Q. variabilis: 96.37 Mg C ha–1). However, total C inputs by litterfall were significantly higher for the P. densiflora (4,473 kg C ha–1 year–1) than for the Q. variabilis (2,633 kg C ha–1 year–1) stands. Organic C over litter decomposition processes was more rapidly mineralized in the leaf litter of Q. variabilis than in needle litter of P. densiflora, but C storage on the forest floor was not affected by different stand types. Total soil C storage was not significantly different between the Q. variabilis (55.71 Mg C ha–1) and P. densiflora (80.49 Mg C ha–1), whereas the C concentrations at each soil depth were significantly higher in the P. densiflora than in the Q. variabilis stands, except for the subsurface depth (30–50 cm). These results indicate that the distribution of C storage in P. densiflora and Q. variabilis stands is less susceptible to interspecific differences, such as litterfall inputs and decomposition rates.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The quantification of carbon (C) storage of different stand types is a key component for understanding forest C cycles and potential climate change. This study evaluated the effects of stand types on litterfall, litter decomposition, and forest C storage in Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus variabilis Blume stands in southern Korea. The aboveground C storage by tree biomass was not affected (P > 0.05) by stand types (P. densiflora: 79.49 Mg C ha–1; Q. variabilis: 96.37 Mg C ha–1). However, total C inputs by litterfall were significantly higher for the P. densiflora (4,473 kg C ha–1 year–1) than for the Q. variabilis (2,633 kg C ha–1 year–1) stands. Organic C over litter decomposition processes was more rapidly mineralized in the leaf litter of Q. variabilis than in needle litter of P. densiflora, but C storage on the forest floor was not affected by different stand types. Total soil C storage was not significantly different between the Q. variabilis (55.71 Mg C ha–1) and P. densiflora (80.49 Mg C ha–1), whereas the C concentrations at each soil depth were significantly higher in the P. densiflora than in the Q. variabilis stands, except for the subsurface depth (30–50 cm). These results indicate that the distribution of C storage in P. densiflora and Q. variabilis stands is less susceptible to interspecific differences, such as litterfall inputs and decomposition rates. |
Ambas, Asfarinawati D; Khatta, Aida Nabihah M; Kodoh, Julius; Kamu, Assis; Chiang, Liew Kang; Terhem, Razak; Besar, Normah Awang; Hassan, Affendy Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) root distribution seedlings in response to nitrogen concentrations and tillage Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 47–55, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Ambas_2024, title = {\textit{Falcataria moluccana} (Miq.) root distribution seedlings in response to nitrogen concentrations and tillage}, author = {Asfarinawati D Ambas and Aida Nabihah M Khatta and Julius Kodoh and Assis Kamu and Liew Kang Chiang and Razak Terhem and Normah Awang Besar and Affendy Hassan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0005}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {47–55}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barnaby & Grimes is an important species for forest plantation programmes in Malaysia and is widely used in the wood industry. However, its root interactions have not been widely investigated due to the limited methodologies and information about the root distribution of trees and crops in forest plantation and agroforestry systems. This study was conducted to determine the rhizotron-scale root interactions of F. moluccana at different tillage and nitrogen concentrations under four different treatments: control, tillage, fertiliser, and tillage with fertiliser. The rhizotron-scale experiment was conducted at a greenhouse where F. moluccana (Batai) seedlings were transplanted in transparent rhizotron tubes (onemetre-high transparent polycarbonate solid sheet) using topsoil and river sand to simulate natural growing conditions. Root Intensity (RI), Root Length Density (RLD), Specific Root Length (SRL), dried shoot bio-mass and root biomass were recorded. Root biomass and SRL were notably higher (25–50 cm depth) at 6 WAT (Weeks After Transplanting), and the shoot biomass (tillage + fertiliser) was significantly higher at 14 WAT. However, plants treated with different tillage and nitrogen concentrations showed no significant impact on the RI and RLD. Fertiliser treatment only, and tillage with fertiliser treatment, showed greater root distribution at the rhizotron scale. These findings contribute to forest plantation and natural forest rehabilitation efforts by helping optimise the soil resources within ecosystems for sustainable forest management.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barnaby & Grimes is an important species for forest plantation programmes in Malaysia and is widely used in the wood industry. However, its root interactions have not been widely investigated due to the limited methodologies and information about the root distribution of trees and crops in forest plantation and agroforestry systems. This study was conducted to determine the rhizotron-scale root interactions of F. moluccana at different tillage and nitrogen concentrations under four different treatments: control, tillage, fertiliser, and tillage with fertiliser. The rhizotron-scale experiment was conducted at a greenhouse where F. moluccana (Batai) seedlings were transplanted in transparent rhizotron tubes (onemetre-high transparent polycarbonate solid sheet) using topsoil and river sand to simulate natural growing conditions. Root Intensity (RI), Root Length Density (RLD), Specific Root Length (SRL), dried shoot bio-mass and root biomass were recorded. Root biomass and SRL were notably higher (25–50 cm depth) at 6 WAT (Weeks After Transplanting), and the shoot biomass (tillage + fertiliser) was significantly higher at 14 WAT. However, plants treated with different tillage and nitrogen concentrations showed no significant impact on the RI and RLD. Fertiliser treatment only, and tillage with fertiliser treatment, showed greater root distribution at the rhizotron scale. These findings contribute to forest plantation and natural forest rehabilitation efforts by helping optimise the soil resources within ecosystems for sustainable forest management. |
Al-Asadi, Ahmed Z R; Al-Mayahi, Ahmed M W; Awad, Khairullah M Effects of dicamba and casein hydrolysate on in vitro growthand shoot regeneration of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhee Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 56–65, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Al_Asadi_2024, title = {Effects of dicamba and casein hydrolysate on \textit{in vitro} growthand shoot regeneration of date palm (\textit{Phoenix dactylifera} L.) cv. Barhee}, author = {Ahmed Z R Al-Asadi and Ahmed M W Al-Mayahi and Khairullah M Awad}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0006}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {56–65}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of the dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) (DIC) and casein hydrolysate (CH) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication, and some biochemical constituents of date palm cv. Barhee cultured in vitro. Both DIC and CH were required for callus growth and shoots regeneration. The medium supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC in combination with 1.0 g l−1 CH gave the highest callus weight (287 mg), while the maximum response rate and the number of shoots per jar (86.67% and 15.07 shoots/jar) were found in MS media equipped with 4 mg l−1 DIC and 0.5 mg l−1 CH combination. The total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.82 and 0.79 mg GAE g–1 in shoots cultured in the medium equipped with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC with 0.5 and 1.0 g l−1 CH, which is reflected in the rate of browning. The results showed that the highest shoots content of endogenous IAA (3.71 and 3.50 μg g−1), were obtained in response to 4 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH and 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 0.5 g l−1 CH, respectively. The macronutrient K, P, Ca, and free amino acids content significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH. The genetic stability of this study was confirmed by the DNA-based fingerprinting method RAPD. The RAPD binding patterns indicated no variation among tissue culture-derived plants. The in vitro propagation protocol described herein can be introduced to the production of genetically stable date palm plants.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of the dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) (DIC) and casein hydrolysate (CH) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication, and some biochemical constituents of date palm cv. Barhee cultured in vitro. Both DIC and CH were required for callus growth and shoots regeneration. The medium supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC in combination with 1.0 g l−1 CH gave the highest callus weight (287 mg), while the maximum response rate and the number of shoots per jar (86.67% and 15.07 shoots/jar) were found in MS media equipped with 4 mg l−1 DIC and 0.5 mg l−1 CH combination. The total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.82 and 0.79 mg GAE g–1 in shoots cultured in the medium equipped with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC with 0.5 and 1.0 g l−1 CH, which is reflected in the rate of browning. The results showed that the highest shoots content of endogenous IAA (3.71 and 3.50 μg g−1), were obtained in response to 4 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH and 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 0.5 g l−1 CH, respectively. The macronutrient K, P, Ca, and free amino acids content significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 DIC + 1.0 g l−1 CH. The genetic stability of this study was confirmed by the DNA-based fingerprinting method RAPD. The RAPD binding patterns indicated no variation among tissue culture-derived plants. The in vitro propagation protocol described herein can be introduced to the production of genetically stable date palm plants. |
Giovacchini, Pietro; Borghi, Lorenzo; Tartari, Davide; Cucci, Francesca; Caldarelli, Andrea; Tassinari, Massimo; Melandri, Pietro; Dinetti, Marco; Battisti, Corrado; Marsili, Letizia Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 66–74, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Giovacchini_2024, title = {Applying threat analysis approach in a small forest urban park (Northern Italy): local expert-based assessment to prioritize the management actions}, author = {Pietro Giovacchini and Lorenzo Borghi and Davide Tartari and Francesca Cucci and Andrea Caldarelli and Massimo Tassinari and Pietro Melandri and Marco Dinetti and Corrado Battisti and Letizia Marsili}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0007}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {66–74}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {To overcome the human-induced threats impacting on ecosystems, managers should focus on priorities. Here, we applied the expert-based Threat Analysis (TAN) in a forest urban park (Northern Italy), involving experts which ranked local threats, from the more to less impacting and following the IUCN classification. We also evaluated the level of knowledge of operators about these threats. Experts identified five priority target-specific threats: Roads and Railroads; Invasive-Non Native/Alien species; Other Ecosystem modifications; Recreational Activities, and Storms and Flooding. Storms and Flooding and Invasive-Non Native/Alien species appeared the threats with significant highest magnitude. Knowledge of threats is comparable without significant difference among them. However, Storms and Flooding and Roads and Railroads are the threats having both the highest level of knowledge by experts and the highest magnitude. At the opposite, Mowing was the less known threat regarding its regime and showed the lowest magnitude. TAN approach should be routinely used to build conceptual frameworks, ranking threats from the more to less impacting, therefore optimizing the management effort and developing local projects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To overcome the human-induced threats impacting on ecosystems, managers should focus on priorities. Here, we applied the expert-based Threat Analysis (TAN) in a forest urban park (Northern Italy), involving experts which ranked local threats, from the more to less impacting and following the IUCN classification. We also evaluated the level of knowledge of operators about these threats. Experts identified five priority target-specific threats: Roads and Railroads; Invasive-Non Native/Alien species; Other Ecosystem modifications; Recreational Activities, and Storms and Flooding. Storms and Flooding and Invasive-Non Native/Alien species appeared the threats with significant highest magnitude. Knowledge of threats is comparable without significant difference among them. However, Storms and Flooding and Roads and Railroads are the threats having both the highest level of knowledge by experts and the highest magnitude. At the opposite, Mowing was the less known threat regarding its regime and showed the lowest magnitude. TAN approach should be routinely used to build conceptual frameworks, ranking threats from the more to less impacting, therefore optimizing the management effort and developing local projects. |
Amadi, Nioking; Tasie, Fidelia; Luiselli, Luca; Fa, Julia E; Alawa, Nyimale G; Amuzie, Chidinma; Petrozzi, Fabio; Owoh, Albert; Wala, Chimela; Wodi, Peace S; Battisti, Corrado; Akani, Godfrey C; Ajuru, Mercy G Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 75–82, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Amadi_2024, title = {Nesting trees used by a pest bird (Village Weaver, \textit{Ploceus cucullatus}): a large field survey suggests further human conflicts with local stakeholders in Southern Nigeria}, author = {Nioking Amadi and Fidelia Tasie and Luca Luiselli and Julia E Fa and Nyimale G Alawa and Chidinma Amuzie and Fabio Petrozzi and Albert Owoh and Chimela Wala and Peace S Wodi and Corrado Battisti and Godfrey C Akani and Mercy G Ajuru}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0008}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {75–82}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) is a common colonial nesting bird widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. It is known to weave its nests from leaf strips from a variety of tree species (mainly coconuts trees, oil palm trees) associated with human settlement areas, grasses, and other available plants. In this regard, this bird was considered a pest for its impact on different economic activities. Although extensive literature is already available on the parasitic role of village weavers, there is still a lack of analytical data that outlines which tree species are used for nesting and in what proportion, as well as the related implications in terms of economic impacts. Here, we carried out the first comprehensive arrangement of trees used by this species for nesting in Southern Nigeria (West Africa), checking for possible different impacts on stakeholders. In April 2021, we searched for village weaver nesting in 95 sites in 77 communities from 24 local government areas in Southern Nigeria, during 14 field surveys. Within each site, we collected GPS coordinates and counted the number of active nests, nesting birds and occupied trees. We recorded a total of 5,776 nests and 2,140 birds in 94 plants belonging to 23 tree species selected for nesting. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis; n = 45) was the most used tree species, as 2,990 (51.77%) nests and 873 (40.79%) birds were recorded. Our results indicate the preference for nesting on trees used by stakeholders belonging to agricultural (palm farmers), touristic (operators) and energy (gas flare stations) sectors with economic implications about the conflict with this pest species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) is a common colonial nesting bird widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. It is known to weave its nests from leaf strips from a variety of tree species (mainly coconuts trees, oil palm trees) associated with human settlement areas, grasses, and other available plants. In this regard, this bird was considered a pest for its impact on different economic activities. Although extensive literature is already available on the parasitic role of village weavers, there is still a lack of analytical data that outlines which tree species are used for nesting and in what proportion, as well as the related implications in terms of economic impacts. Here, we carried out the first comprehensive arrangement of trees used by this species for nesting in Southern Nigeria (West Africa), checking for possible different impacts on stakeholders. In April 2021, we searched for village weaver nesting in 95 sites in 77 communities from 24 local government areas in Southern Nigeria, during 14 field surveys. Within each site, we collected GPS coordinates and counted the number of active nests, nesting birds and occupied trees. We recorded a total of 5,776 nests and 2,140 birds in 94 plants belonging to 23 tree species selected for nesting. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis; n = 45) was the most used tree species, as 2,990 (51.77%) nests and 873 (40.79%) birds were recorded. Our results indicate the preference for nesting on trees used by stakeholders belonging to agricultural (palm farmers), touristic (operators) and energy (gas flare stations) sectors with economic implications about the conflict with this pest species. |
esfahani, Farzaneh Moghbel; Payamnoor, Vahide; Sattarian, Ali Stomatal variations and their position relative to leaf epidermal cells in ten Maple species Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 83–92, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{esfahani_2024, title = {Stomatal variations and their position relative to leaf epidermal cells in ten Maple species}, author = {Farzaneh Moghbel esfahani and Vahide Payamnoor and Ali Sattarian}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0009}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {83–92}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {In the present study, we investigated the structure of stomata in seven native species of Hyrcanian forests (Acer hyrcanum, A. velutinum Boiss., A. campestre, A. platanoides L., A. cappadocicum, A. monspessulanum, A. amazandaranicum), as well as non-native species that have fully adapted (A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum, and A. palmatum). We used light and electron microscopy to determine the form and position of the stomata in relation to the leaf epidermal cells. The length, width, shape, area, perimeter, and stomatal density were all measured. Our findings revealed that the stomata type of A. negundo varengiayum, A. campestre, A. hyrcanum, A. mazandaranicum and A. monsspesulanum is anomocytic, A. platanoides and A. cappadocicum have anomocytic stomata with wavy subsidiary cells, while A. palmatum has anisocytic stomata and A. velutinum has parasitic stomata. A. negundo has actinocytic stomata. Regarding the location of stomata relative to adjacent epidermal cells, we identified three types. In the first type, the stomata were flush with adjacent epidermal cells (A. cappadocicum, A. negundo, A. platanoides). In the second type, the stomata were higher (A. negundo variegatum), and in the third type, the stomata were lower (A. velutinum, A. monspesulanom, A. campestre, A. mazandaranicum, A. hyrcanum). The principal component analysis was used to determine the essential stomatal traits in differentiating between species. We also investigated the distribution of trees in the coordinate axis space based on two main components and performed cluster analysis based on stomatal characteristics. A. platanoides, A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum were in one cluster, while the other species were in separate clusters. The calculation of dissimilarity among the studied species revealed the lowest similarity between A. negundo and A. hyrcanum and the highest similarity between A. campestre and A. mazandaranicum. The results of the discriminant analysis identified stomatal density as the essential factor in differentiation between the studied species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the present study, we investigated the structure of stomata in seven native species of Hyrcanian forests (Acer hyrcanum, A. velutinum Boiss., A. campestre, A. platanoides L., A. cappadocicum, A. monspessulanum, A. amazandaranicum), as well as non-native species that have fully adapted (A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum, and A. palmatum). We used light and electron microscopy to determine the form and position of the stomata in relation to the leaf epidermal cells. The length, width, shape, area, perimeter, and stomatal density were all measured. Our findings revealed that the stomata type of A. negundo varengiayum, A. campestre, A. hyrcanum, A. mazandaranicum and A. monsspesulanum is anomocytic, A. platanoides and A. cappadocicum have anomocytic stomata with wavy subsidiary cells, while A. palmatum has anisocytic stomata and A. velutinum has parasitic stomata. A. negundo has actinocytic stomata. Regarding the location of stomata relative to adjacent epidermal cells, we identified three types. In the first type, the stomata were flush with adjacent epidermal cells (A. cappadocicum, A. negundo, A. platanoides). In the second type, the stomata were higher (A. negundo variegatum), and in the third type, the stomata were lower (A. velutinum, A. monspesulanom, A. campestre, A. mazandaranicum, A. hyrcanum). The principal component analysis was used to determine the essential stomatal traits in differentiating between species. We also investigated the distribution of trees in the coordinate axis space based on two main components and performed cluster analysis based on stomatal characteristics. A. platanoides, A. negundo, A. negundo variegatum were in one cluster, while the other species were in separate clusters. The calculation of dissimilarity among the studied species revealed the lowest similarity between A. negundo and A. hyrcanum and the highest similarity between A. campestre and A. mazandaranicum. The results of the discriminant analysis identified stomatal density as the essential factor in differentiation between the studied species. |
Goncharenko, Igor; Koniakin, Serhii; Leshcheniuk, Olena Giant hogweeds (Heracleum mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi) in Ukraine: distribution, ecological and coenotical features Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 51 (1), pp. 93–107, 2024, ISSN: 1338-7014. @article{Goncharenko_2024, title = {Giant hogweeds (\textit{Heracleum mantegazzianum} and \textit{H. sosnowskyi}) in Ukraine: distribution, ecological and coenotical features}, author = {Igor Goncharenko and Serhii Koniakin and Olena Leshcheniuk}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/10.2478_foecol-2024-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2024-0010}, issn = {1338-7014}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {93–107}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, abstract = {The paper aims to study the distribution and communities of two giant hogweed species Heracleum mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi in Ukraine. This research was motivated by strong invasive trends, risks for native vegetation and a lack of data on giant hogweeds in Ukraine. We presented phytosociological tables of giant hogweeds communities, maps of their modern distribution in Ukraine, a dendrogram of similarity of the communities, phytoindicative evaluation, and proportions of diagnostic species in the syntaxa. According to our survey and literature data, there are 102 locations of H. mantegazzianum and 405 locations of H. sosnowskyi throughout most of Ukraine, except for the steppe zone, where the limiting factor is the arid climate. The amplitudes of both studied Heracleum species have a significant overlap in the factors of humidity, nitrogen, and salt regime. There are differences between the species in the factors of light, temperature and continentality. The amplitudes of the studied species are the widest for moisture and the narrowest range for soil acidity. Both species favour soils enriched in nitrogen. Based on the phytosociological survey, the species forms two distinct associations Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum sosnowskyi and Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum mantegazzianii and also occurs with lower abundance in communities belonging to 8 vegetation classes. The obtained data can be used to carry out preventive measures against the further spread of giant hogweeds in new habitats with varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper aims to study the distribution and communities of two giant hogweed species Heracleum mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi in Ukraine. This research was motivated by strong invasive trends, risks for native vegetation and a lack of data on giant hogweeds in Ukraine. We presented phytosociological tables of giant hogweeds communities, maps of their modern distribution in Ukraine, a dendrogram of similarity of the communities, phytoindicative evaluation, and proportions of diagnostic species in the syntaxa. According to our survey and literature data, there are 102 locations of H. mantegazzianum and 405 locations of H. sosnowskyi throughout most of Ukraine, except for the steppe zone, where the limiting factor is the arid climate. The amplitudes of both studied Heracleum species have a significant overlap in the factors of humidity, nitrogen, and salt regime. There are differences between the species in the factors of light, temperature and continentality. The amplitudes of the studied species are the widest for moisture and the narrowest range for soil acidity. Both species favour soils enriched in nitrogen. Based on the phytosociological survey, the species forms two distinct associations Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum sosnowskyi and Urtico dioicae-Heracleetum mantegazzianii and also occurs with lower abundance in communities belonging to 8 vegetation classes. The obtained data can be used to carry out preventive measures against the further spread of giant hogweeds in new habitats with varying degrees of anthropogenic transformation. |
➤ Volume 50(2) 2023
Tesha, Diana L; Mauya, Ernest W; Madundo, Sami D; Emily, Cosmas J Role of topography, soil and climate on forest species composition and diversity in the West Usambara Montane Forests of Tanzania Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 105 - 118, 2023. @article{Tesha2023, title = {Role of topography, soil and climate on forest species composition and diversity in the West Usambara Montane Forests of Tanzania}, author = {Diana L. Tesha and Ernest W. Mauya and Sami D. Madundo and Cosmas J. Emily}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0010.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0010}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {105 - 118}, abstract = {Understanding the variables that determine the variation in forest species composition and diversity in tropical montane systems remains a topic for discussion in plant ecology. This is especially true in areas where the topography is complex and forests are vulnerable to human activity. In this study, a set of topographic, soil, and climatic variables were used to determine their effects on the composition and diversity patterns of two forests in the West Usambara Mountains (Tanzania). Two-phase systematic sampling was used to collect vegetation data from 159 sample plots distributed across the forests. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was used for forest community classification, and indicator species analysis was used to determine the species significantly associated with forest communities. The influence of environmental variables on forest communities was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Finally, we evaluated diversity patterns by comparing diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness, and richness) and beta diversity processes. In total, 7,767 individual trees belonged to 183 species, 132 genera, and 66 families were quantified. We found that (i) the forests of West Usambara can be divided into three different forest communities; (ii) each forest community has a specific set of topographical, soil, and climate variables; (iii) there are significant differences in Shannon diversity and richness indices among communities; and (iv) community composition is mostly influenced by species turnover than by species nestedness. Our study revealed the importance of considering a set of environmental variables related to climate, soil, and topography to understand the variation in the composition and diversity of forest communities in tropical montane forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding the variables that determine the variation in forest species composition and diversity in tropical montane systems remains a topic for discussion in plant ecology. This is especially true in areas where the topography is complex and forests are vulnerable to human activity. In this study, a set of topographic, soil, and climatic variables were used to determine their effects on the composition and diversity patterns of two forests in the West Usambara Mountains (Tanzania). Two-phase systematic sampling was used to collect vegetation data from 159 sample plots distributed across the forests. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method was used for forest community classification, and indicator species analysis was used to determine the species significantly associated with forest communities. The influence of environmental variables on forest communities was analysed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Finally, we evaluated diversity patterns by comparing diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness, and richness) and beta diversity processes. In total, 7,767 individual trees belonged to 183 species, 132 genera, and 66 families were quantified. We found that (i) the forests of West Usambara can be divided into three different forest communities; (ii) each forest community has a specific set of topographical, soil, and climate variables; (iii) there are significant differences in Shannon diversity and richness indices among communities; and (iv) community composition is mostly influenced by species turnover than by species nestedness. Our study revealed the importance of considering a set of environmental variables related to climate, soil, and topography to understand the variation in the composition and diversity of forest communities in tropical montane forests. |
Yakovenko, Volodymyr; Kunakh, Olga; Tutova, Hanna; Zhukov, Olexander Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 119 - 133, 2023. @article{Yakovenko2023, title = {Diversity of soils in the Dnipro River valley (based on the example of the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve)}, author = {Volodymyr Yakovenko and Olga Kunakh and Hanna Tutova and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0011.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0011}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {119 - 133}, abstract = {The study established the classification position of the soils of the Dnipro River valley (within the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) according to the international WRB classification. The pits were laid along three transects that passed through the most significant relief gradients within the study area. The study of the morphological structure of 20 soil profiles showed that the soil cover is closely related to the geo-morphological structure of the river valley. The morphological characteristics of typical profiles of these soils reflect their structure, properties and genesis and determine the classification position of the soils according to the WRB. Multidimensional scaling allowed us to perform soil ordination in the space of two dimensions. Dimension 1 differentiates soils by the gradient of relief height and/or moisture level. Dimension 2 differentiated hydromorphic soils. The properties of Quaternary sediments were found to determine the position of soils at both levels of classification (reference groups, main and additional classifiers). The distribution of each of the reference groups is clearly related to the geomorphology of the valley. Arenosols and Cambisols form the soil cover of the floodplain terrace, while Fluvisols and Gleysols are found mainly in the floodplain.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study established the classification position of the soils of the Dnipro River valley (within the Dnipro-Orilsky Nature Reserve) according to the international WRB classification. The pits were laid along three transects that passed through the most significant relief gradients within the study area. The study of the morphological structure of 20 soil profiles showed that the soil cover is closely related to the geo-morphological structure of the river valley. The morphological characteristics of typical profiles of these soils reflect their structure, properties and genesis and determine the classification position of the soils according to the WRB. Multidimensional scaling allowed us to perform soil ordination in the space of two dimensions. Dimension 1 differentiates soils by the gradient of relief height and/or moisture level. Dimension 2 differentiated hydromorphic soils. The properties of Quaternary sediments were found to determine the position of soils at both levels of classification (reference groups, main and additional classifiers). The distribution of each of the reference groups is clearly related to the geomorphology of the valley. Arenosols and Cambisols form the soil cover of the floodplain terrace, while Fluvisols and Gleysols are found mainly in the floodplain. |
Lopez, Garzon C X; Savickytė, Gabija Biodiversity in cities: the impact of biodiversity data across spatial scales on diversity estimates Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 134 - 146, 2023. @article{Lopez2023, title = {Biodiversity in cities: the impact of biodiversity data across spatial scales on diversity estimates}, author = {C.X. Garzon Lopez and Gabija Savickytė}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0012.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0012}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {134 - 146}, abstract = {The assessment and monitoring of biodiversity in urban areas has been shown to have enormous potential to inform integrative urban planning in cities. In this context, digital biodiversity repositories such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has been promoted for its central role in gathering and harmonizing biodiversity data worldwide, thereby facilitating these assessments and monitoring efforts. While GBIF data has been investigated for its potential at a large scale and in natural ecosystems, the question remains as to what extent, and in which context, is GBIF data applicable to urban biodiversity assessment and monitoring? In this study, we assessed the spatial patterns of biodiversity, by exploring species richness patterns in relation to land use types for three taxonomic groups (birds, mammals and arthropods) in three cities in The Netherlands (Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Groningen) at multiple spatial scales. We found significant variation in the effect of land uses on the species richness patterns, in terms of taxonomic group, spatial configuration and land cover type, and across spatial scales. Our study demonstrates the potential of GBIF data while highlighting the importance of the careful selection of one or multiple spatial scales, especially in relation to the taxonomic group characteristics and ecology and the spatial configuration of the cities studied.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The assessment and monitoring of biodiversity in urban areas has been shown to have enormous potential to inform integrative urban planning in cities. In this context, digital biodiversity repositories such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has been promoted for its central role in gathering and harmonizing biodiversity data worldwide, thereby facilitating these assessments and monitoring efforts. While GBIF data has been investigated for its potential at a large scale and in natural ecosystems, the question remains as to what extent, and in which context, is GBIF data applicable to urban biodiversity assessment and monitoring? In this study, we assessed the spatial patterns of biodiversity, by exploring species richness patterns in relation to land use types for three taxonomic groups (birds, mammals and arthropods) in three cities in The Netherlands (Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Groningen) at multiple spatial scales. We found significant variation in the effect of land uses on the species richness patterns, in terms of taxonomic group, spatial configuration and land cover type, and across spatial scales. Our study demonstrates the potential of GBIF data while highlighting the importance of the careful selection of one or multiple spatial scales, especially in relation to the taxonomic group characteristics and ecology and the spatial configuration of the cities studied. |
Bisht, Anchal; Khanduri, Vinod Prasad; Singh, Bhupendra; Riyal, Manoj Kumar; Kumar, Kewat Sanjay; Rawat, Deepa Pollen production, release and dispersion in Himalayan alder (Alnus nepalensis D. Don.): a major aeroallergens taxa Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 147 - 158, 2023. @article{Bisht2023, title = {Pollen production, release and dispersion in Himalayan alder (\textit{Alnus nepalensis} D. Don.): a major aeroallergens taxa}, author = {Anchal Bisht and Vinod Prasad Khanduri and Bhupendra Singh and Manoj Kumar Riyal and Kewat Sanjay Kumar and Deepa Rawat}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0013.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0013}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {147 - 158}, abstract = {Alnus nepalensis is a medium-sized, deciduous tree that occurs in the Indian sub-continent, South America, Hawaii, and China. It is a prolific pioneer species in freshly exposed soil in landslide areas of the western Himalayas and has the potential of fixing nitrogen. A study was conducted to assess the reproductive phenology, pollen production, pollen release, and pollen-mediated gene flow of Alnus nepalensis by considering a patch of trees as a pollen source in the temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya to develop sustainable management strategies relating to the plantation geometry in seed orchards. Staminate flowers of A. nepalensis are composed of “cymules”. The presence of bifid stigma and protandry condition were the unique features of the species. Flowering in the male phase was initiated in the last week of September and continued till November. Peak shedding of pollen generally proceeds peak receptivity by 1–2 weeks. The time between onset and peak flowering was 2 weeks 4 days and the total average duration of the flowering period was about 24.8 days. Temperature and relative humidity played a major role in pollen release and the maximum pollen release occurred at 29.2 °C at 13.00 hrs of the day. Pollen production per catkin varied significantly among trees. The average pollen grains per tree were 2.20 × 1010. The pollen-ovule ratio suggests that the breeding system of A. nepalensis falls under the class xenogamy. Pollen mediated gene flow revealed that the significant pollen which can cause pollination of A. nepalensis can travel up to 40 m uphill and 80 m in downhill directions. Thus, an isolation strip of 80 m is sufficient to manage the seed orchard of A. nepalensis in the western Himalayan region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Alnus nepalensis is a medium-sized, deciduous tree that occurs in the Indian sub-continent, South America, Hawaii, and China. It is a prolific pioneer species in freshly exposed soil in landslide areas of the western Himalayas and has the potential of fixing nitrogen. A study was conducted to assess the reproductive phenology, pollen production, pollen release, and pollen-mediated gene flow of Alnus nepalensis by considering a patch of trees as a pollen source in the temperate forest of Garhwal Himalaya to develop sustainable management strategies relating to the plantation geometry in seed orchards. Staminate flowers of A. nepalensis are composed of “cymules”. The presence of bifid stigma and protandry condition were the unique features of the species. Flowering in the male phase was initiated in the last week of September and continued till November. Peak shedding of pollen generally proceeds peak receptivity by 1–2 weeks. The time between onset and peak flowering was 2 weeks 4 days and the total average duration of the flowering period was about 24.8 days. Temperature and relative humidity played a major role in pollen release and the maximum pollen release occurred at 29.2 °C at 13.00 hrs of the day. Pollen production per catkin varied significantly among trees. The average pollen grains per tree were 2.20 × 1010. The pollen-ovule ratio suggests that the breeding system of A. nepalensis falls under the class xenogamy. Pollen mediated gene flow revealed that the significant pollen which can cause pollination of A. nepalensis can travel up to 40 m uphill and 80 m in downhill directions. Thus, an isolation strip of 80 m is sufficient to manage the seed orchard of A. nepalensis in the western Himalayan region. |
Chebykina, Ekaterina; Abakumov, Evgeny Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 159 - 164, 2023. @article{Chebykina2023, title = {Estimation of heavy metals content and regularities of its migration within a soil profile during pyrogenic soil formation in the context of the Scotch pine forest in Togljatty city}, author = {Ekaterina Chebykina and Evgeny Abakumov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0014.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0014}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {159 - 164}, abstract = {Forest fires are among the most significant disturbances on a global scale. Affecting biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles, forest fires play an important role in atmospheric chemical processes and the global carbon cycle. Using the example of the pyrogenic landscapes of the Samara region, this article reviews changes in the accumulation regularity of heavy metal content and its migration within a soil profile during pyrogenic soil formation. In the case of surface forest fires, the studied postpyrogenic soils are characterized by increased cadmium, nickel and zinc content in the Opyr pyrogenic horizon. In contrast, the content of all analyzed heavy metals decreases compared to the control for crown forest fires, indicating active element emissions into the atmosphere.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Forest fires are among the most significant disturbances on a global scale. Affecting biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles, forest fires play an important role in atmospheric chemical processes and the global carbon cycle. Using the example of the pyrogenic landscapes of the Samara region, this article reviews changes in the accumulation regularity of heavy metal content and its migration within a soil profile during pyrogenic soil formation. In the case of surface forest fires, the studied postpyrogenic soils are characterized by increased cadmium, nickel and zinc content in the Opyr pyrogenic horizon. In contrast, the content of all analyzed heavy metals decreases compared to the control for crown forest fires, indicating active element emissions into the atmosphere. |
Fargašová, Agáta; Nawaz, Ammara; Molnárová, Marianna A test battery approach for ecotoxicological evaluation of disinfectants prepared on the basis of sodium hypochlorite Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 165 - 173, 2023. @article{Fargašová2023, title = {A test battery approach for ecotoxicological evaluation of disinfectants prepared on the basis of sodium hypochlorite}, author = {Agáta Fargašová and Ammara Nawaz and Marianna Molnárová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0015.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0015}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {165 - 173}, abstract = {The research is related to the assessment of the overall sensitivity and applicability of many bioassays representing different trophic levels for the preliminary ecotoxicological testing of commercial disinfectants marked as SA (SAVO, Bochemie a.s., Czech Republic) and DoAm (Dom Amor, BOOS – Biologické substancie, Slovak Republic). Disinfectants were prepared based on sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). SA contains only NaOCl while earthworm enzymes enrich DoAm. In both commercial products, the NaOCl content did not exceed 5%; pure NaOCl was used as a 10% solution as well. For bioassay, water organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna and Tubifex tubifex) situated in various trophic levels were used. All the tests were confirmed as suitable for the determination of chlorine’s adverse effects. Because the organisms’ reactions to the tested disinfectants varied, they can be arranged in the following rank order of sensitivity: V. fischeri ≥ D. subspicatus >> D. magna >> T. tubifex. The toxicity of the tested substances (NaOCl, SA, DoAm) depends on the length of exposure, the species of the organism and FAC (free available chlorine) content. The effective concentrations of the tested products ranged from 0.13 to 8.18 μL L–1, i.e., 0.014 to 0.26 mg L–1 of FAC. However, in the tests with T. tubifex and V. fischeri the toxic effect of NaOCl was the weakest; the tests with other two organisms confirmed this compound as the most toxic. Only for T. tubifex (96 hrs) did SA have a more adverse effect than DoAm.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The research is related to the assessment of the overall sensitivity and applicability of many bioassays representing different trophic levels for the preliminary ecotoxicological testing of commercial disinfectants marked as SA (SAVO, Bochemie a.s., Czech Republic) and DoAm (Dom Amor, BOOS – Biologické substancie, Slovak Republic). Disinfectants were prepared based on sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). SA contains only NaOCl while earthworm enzymes enrich DoAm. In both commercial products, the NaOCl content did not exceed 5%; pure NaOCl was used as a 10% solution as well. For bioassay, water organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna and Tubifex tubifex) situated in various trophic levels were used. All the tests were confirmed as suitable for the determination of chlorine’s adverse effects. Because the organisms’ reactions to the tested disinfectants varied, they can be arranged in the following rank order of sensitivity: V. fischeri ≥ D. subspicatus >> D. magna >> T. tubifex. The toxicity of the tested substances (NaOCl, SA, DoAm) depends on the length of exposure, the species of the organism and FAC (free available chlorine) content. The effective concentrations of the tested products ranged from 0.13 to 8.18 μL L–1, i.e., 0.014 to 0.26 mg L–1 of FAC. However, in the tests with T. tubifex and V. fischeri the toxic effect of NaOCl was the weakest; the tests with other two organisms confirmed this compound as the most toxic. Only for T. tubifex (96 hrs) did SA have a more adverse effect than DoAm. |
Bentekhici, Meriem; Mehdadi, Zoheir; Latreche, Ali Seed germination behavior of Teucrium santae Quézel & Simonneau: a vulnerable and endemic Lamiaceae (Northwest Algeria) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 174 - 184, 2023. @article{Bentekhici2023, title = {Seed germination behavior of \textit{Teucrium santae} Quézel & Simonneau: a vulnerable and endemic Lamiaceae (Northwest Algeria)}, author = {Meriem Bentekhici and Zoheir Mehdadi and Ali Latreche}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0016.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0016}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {174 - 184}, abstract = {As part of the ex-situ conservation of the rare plant species Teucrium santae (Lamiaceae), which is native to Algeria flora, we conducted this study under controlled conditions to determine the optimal circumstances for the germination of its seeds in terms of light, temperature, and water stress. The seeds showed a double dormancy that could be overcome using scarification with sulfuric acid combined with soaking in Gibberellic acid at 1,500 ppm. The seed’s photosensitivity was tested afterward and found to be indifferent. The highest final germination percentage (75%) was obtained at a temperature of 20 °C. The temperature has no significant effect on the velocity coefficient, unlike the initial germination day and the mean germination time which decrease with increasing temperature. On the opposite of the velocity coefficient, water stress results in a tremendous depressive effect on the final germination percentage, initial germination time and mean germination time. The value of –1.2 MPa constitutes the water potential beyond which germination becomes impossible.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As part of the ex-situ conservation of the rare plant species Teucrium santae (Lamiaceae), which is native to Algeria flora, we conducted this study under controlled conditions to determine the optimal circumstances for the germination of its seeds in terms of light, temperature, and water stress. The seeds showed a double dormancy that could be overcome using scarification with sulfuric acid combined with soaking in Gibberellic acid at 1,500 ppm. The seed’s photosensitivity was tested afterward and found to be indifferent. The highest final germination percentage (75%) was obtained at a temperature of 20 °C. The temperature has no significant effect on the velocity coefficient, unlike the initial germination day and the mean germination time which decrease with increasing temperature. On the opposite of the velocity coefficient, water stress results in a tremendous depressive effect on the final germination percentage, initial germination time and mean germination time. The value of –1.2 MPa constitutes the water potential beyond which germination becomes impossible. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Hzaa, Ahmed Y L; Elsheery, Nabil I Foliar iron and zinc nano-fertilizers enhance growth, mineral uptake, and antioxidant defense in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seedlings Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 185 - 195, 2023. @article{Shareef2023, title = {Foliar iron and zinc nano-fertilizers enhance growth, mineral uptake, and antioxidant defense in date palm (\textit{Phoenix dactylifera} L.) seedlings}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Ahmed Y. L. Hzaa and Nabil I. Elsheery}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0017.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0017}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {185 - 195}, abstract = {Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and zinc enhances plant growth. This experiment investigated the role of iron and zinc nano-fertilizers (1 g l–1) in the adaptation of date palm seedlings (cv. Barhee) subjected to salt stress (0, 75, 150 mM NaCl). Nano-fertilizer increased plant height, length of roots, number of leaves, and roots. In contrast, salt stress led to reducing these parameters. Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and antioxidants such as soluble proteins, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzyme in the leaves. Abscisic acid also increased. Nano-fertilizers increased the chlorophyll and dry matter of the plant under salt stress. Nano-iron induced better seedling growth than nano-zinc, especially in the length of the roots. Nano-iron under salt stress increased iron and potassium concentration and K/Na ratio in leaves. Nano-fertilizers help the plant adapt to environmental stresses, and seedlings succeed in growing in saline sandy soils.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Salty sandy soil usually hinders plant growth, while spraying nano-fertilizers such as iron and zinc enhances plant growth. This experiment investigated the role of iron and zinc nano-fertilizers (1 g l–1) in the adaptation of date palm seedlings (cv. Barhee) subjected to salt stress (0, 75, 150 mM NaCl). Nano-fertilizer increased plant height, length of roots, number of leaves, and roots. In contrast, salt stress led to reducing these parameters. Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and antioxidants such as soluble proteins, proline, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzyme in the leaves. Abscisic acid also increased. Nano-fertilizers increased the chlorophyll and dry matter of the plant under salt stress. Nano-iron induced better seedling growth than nano-zinc, especially in the length of the roots. Nano-iron under salt stress increased iron and potassium concentration and K/Na ratio in leaves. Nano-fertilizers help the plant adapt to environmental stresses, and seedlings succeed in growing in saline sandy soils. |
Gorban, Vadym; Huslystyi, Artem Changes in selected properties of Calcic Chernozem due to cultivation of Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus robur Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 196 - 203, 2023. @article{Gorban2023, title = {Changes in selected properties of Calcic Chernozem due to cultivation of \textit{Robinia pseudoacacia} and \textit{Quercus robur}}, author = {Vadym Gorban and Artem Huslystyi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0018.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0018}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {196 - 203}, abstract = {The results of a comprehensive study on the particle size distribution, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem are presented, along with the impact of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Quercus robur L. plantations on these indicators. The study revealed that Calcic Chernozem under steppe vegetation and Q. robur plantation exhibited a silty clay loam texture. However, under the influence of R. pseudoacacia plantation, the chernozem’s texture transformed into loam. The planting of R. pseudoacacia resulted in a noticeable decrease in SOM content, while the growth of Q. robur plantations led to an increase in SOM content. Furthermore, both R. pseudoacacia and Q. robur plantations contributed to an increased content of plant-available water in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem. These findings highlight the more pronounced effect of R. pseudoacacia plantation on the particle size distribution, SOM content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem compared to Q. robur plantation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The results of a comprehensive study on the particle size distribution, soil organic matter (SOM) content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem are presented, along with the impact of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Quercus robur L. plantations on these indicators. The study revealed that Calcic Chernozem under steppe vegetation and Q. robur plantation exhibited a silty clay loam texture. However, under the influence of R. pseudoacacia plantation, the chernozem’s texture transformed into loam. The planting of R. pseudoacacia resulted in a noticeable decrease in SOM content, while the growth of Q. robur plantations led to an increase in SOM content. Furthermore, both R. pseudoacacia and Q. robur plantations contributed to an increased content of plant-available water in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem. These findings highlight the more pronounced effect of R. pseudoacacia plantation on the particle size distribution, SOM content, and plant-available water in Calcic Chernozem compared to Q. robur plantation. |
Gomez, Jonatan; Nistal, Ayelen; Villagra, Elizabeth; Dettler, María Antonela; Vazquez, Florencia Anabella First record of Hyperphyscia coralloides (L.) Scutari growing on PET plastic within a fruit crops plot and its implications Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 204 - 206, 2023. @article{Gomez2023, title = {First record of \textit{Hyperphyscia coralloides} (L.) Scutari growing on PET plastic within a fruit crops plot and its implications}, author = {Jonatan Gomez and Ayelen Nistal and Elizabeth Villagra and María Antonela Dettler and Florencia Anabella Vazquez}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0019.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0019}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {204 - 206}, abstract = {In a fruit crop located in the Lujan district (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), we exposed plastic bottles to the environment for three years. We explored microplastics’ presence on thalli. Out of the potential five lichen species only one grew: Hyperphyscia coralloides. Microplastic particles were observed on the thalli. The present work represents the first record of H. coralloides growing on PET plastic. Considering the largest thalli size recorded, the results of the growth rate are similar in an average to those recorded for fruticose species. Finally, our results suggest that the contact of H. coralloides with microplastics may be a potential pathway for the incorporation of microplastics into ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In a fruit crop located in the Lujan district (Buenos Aires province, Argentina), we exposed plastic bottles to the environment for three years. We explored microplastics’ presence on thalli. Out of the potential five lichen species only one grew: Hyperphyscia coralloides. Microplastic particles were observed on the thalli. The present work represents the first record of H. coralloides growing on PET plastic. Considering the largest thalli size recorded, the results of the growth rate are similar in an average to those recorded for fruticose species. Finally, our results suggest that the contact of H. coralloides with microplastics may be a potential pathway for the incorporation of microplastics into ecosystems. |
Prokopuk, Mariana; Holiaka, Dmytrii; Zub, Lesya Current distribution and modeling of potential distribution of Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John at the territory of Ukraine and Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (2), pp. 207 - 219, 2023. @article{Prokopuk2023, title = {Current distribution and modeling of potential distribution of \textit{Elodea nuttallii} (Planch.) H. St. John at the territory of Ukraine and Europe}, author = {Mariana Prokopuk and Dmytrii Holiaka and Lesya Zub}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0020.pdf}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2023-0020}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-26}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {2}, pages = {207 - 219}, abstract = {Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John – an invasive species that actively expands the boundaries of its secondary range. This work presents the current and predicted future distribution of E. nuttallii in Europe. The spread of the species is observed in northern areas with a mild oceanic climate (with mild winters and cool, rainy summers) formed by Atlantic cyclones. E. nuttallii occurs in aquatic biotopes throughout the temperate climatic zone and partially occurs in the subtropical. It was established that the most important factors in determining the possibility of a plant’s spread are the amount of precipitation in the driest month, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, and altitude above the sea level. According to the data collected, the species is at its ecological optimum in most of Europe. Most of the changes expected in the next 100 years will take place in the next 30–40 years.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John – an invasive species that actively expands the boundaries of its secondary range. This work presents the current and predicted future distribution of E. nuttallii in Europe. The spread of the species is observed in northern areas with a mild oceanic climate (with mild winters and cool, rainy summers) formed by Atlantic cyclones. E. nuttallii occurs in aquatic biotopes throughout the temperate climatic zone and partially occurs in the subtropical. It was established that the most important factors in determining the possibility of a plant’s spread are the amount of precipitation in the driest month, the minimum temperature of the coldest month, and altitude above the sea level. According to the data collected, the species is at its ecological optimum in most of Europe. Most of the changes expected in the next 100 years will take place in the next 30–40 years. |
➤ Volume 50(1) 2023
Bičárová, Svetlana; Lukasová, Veronika; Adamčíková, Katarína; Žatková, Lucia; Milovský, Rastislav; Shashikumar, Anumol; Pažitný, Jozef; Buchholcerová, Anna; Bilčík, Dušan Modified electrolyte leakage method for testing the oxidative stability of Pinus mugo Turra under ozone-induced stress Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 1 - 15, 2023. @article{Bičárová2023, title = {Modified electrolyte leakage method for testing the oxidative stability of \textit{Pinus mugo} Turra under ozone-induced stress}, author = {Svetlana Bičárová and Veronika Lukasová and Katarína Adamčíková and Lucia Žatková and Rastislav Milovský and Anumol Shashikumar and Jozef Pažitný and Anna Buchholcerová and Dušan Bilčík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0001}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 15}, abstract = {Electrolyte leakage (EL) is the method commonly used to test the cell membrane integrity of plants under stress conditions. The cells of the leaf may be damaged by ozone (O3) entering the intercellular space as an oxidative stress agent. The modified EL method was used to test the oxidative stability (OxS) of plant tissue against O3-induced oxidative stress. The modification includes simulation of the artificial oxidative stress by additional ozonation of plant samples in the laboratory chamber. This modified EL method was applied to Pinus mugo Turra needle samples collected in the subalpine zone of the High Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians), in the years 2019 and 2020. Changes in the chemical composition of samples after artificial ozonation were traced by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. In addition, O3 uptake through open stomata was estimated by calculation of the modelled ozone dose (MO3D). We also conducted an inspection of visible injury (VIN) on the needle surface focused on the occurrence of O3-induced symptoms and biotic harmful agents. Regarding OxS results as well as VIN indices, P. mugo needles showed relatively low sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by O3. Therefore MO3D in a range between 14 and 16 mmol m−2 can be considered as O3 dose with minor phytotoxic effect on P. mugo growing in the mountains of central-eastern Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Electrolyte leakage (EL) is the method commonly used to test the cell membrane integrity of plants under stress conditions. The cells of the leaf may be damaged by ozone (O3) entering the intercellular space as an oxidative stress agent. The modified EL method was used to test the oxidative stability (OxS) of plant tissue against O3-induced oxidative stress. The modification includes simulation of the artificial oxidative stress by additional ozonation of plant samples in the laboratory chamber. This modified EL method was applied to Pinus mugo Turra needle samples collected in the subalpine zone of the High Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians), in the years 2019 and 2020. Changes in the chemical composition of samples after artificial ozonation were traced by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. In addition, O3 uptake through open stomata was estimated by calculation of the modelled ozone dose (MO3D). We also conducted an inspection of visible injury (VIN) on the needle surface focused on the occurrence of O3-induced symptoms and biotic harmful agents. Regarding OxS results as well as VIN indices, P. mugo needles showed relatively low sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by O3. Therefore MO3D in a range between 14 and 16 mmol m−2 can be considered as O3 dose with minor phytotoxic effect on P. mugo growing in the mountains of central-eastern Europe. |
Kunakh, Olga; Zhukova, Yulia; Yakovenko, Volodymyr; Zhukov, Olexander The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 16 - 43, 2023. @article{Kunakh2023, title = {The role of soil and plant cover as drivers of soil macrofauna of the Dnipro River floodplain ecosystems}, author = {Olga Kunakh and Yulia Zhukova and Volodymyr Yakovenko and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0002}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {16 - 43}, abstract = {Floodplain ecosystems are hotspots of biological diversity and perform important ecosystem functions in the landscape. The key to understanding the sustainability of ecosystem function is knowledge of the relationships between ecosystem components. The article reveals the role of morphological and physical properties of soil, as well as phytoindication of environmental factors as drivers of biological diversity of soil macrofauna of protected ecosystems of the Dnipro River floodplain. The studies were conducted in the forest floodplain ecosystems of the “Dnipro-Orilskiy” Nature Reserve. The studies of morphological properties of soils allowed us to identify the representatives of two reference groups: Fluvisol and Gleysol. The soil physical property data were subjected to principal component analysis, which extracted four principal components whose eigenvalues exceeded unity and described 79.9% of the variation in traits. The principal components of variation in soil physical properties and phytoindication assessments of environmental factors were used as predictors of the community structure of soil macrofauna. These predictors were able to explain 29.6% of the community variation. Physical soil properties are most important as a driver of soil macrofauna. The morphological properties of the soil and phytoindicator assessments are able to explain a much smaller part of the community variation. The pure influence of the predictors is small, indicating that they interact significantly in influencing soil animals. The results obtained have implications for the development of optimal strategies for floodplain ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Floodplain ecosystems are hotspots of biological diversity and perform important ecosystem functions in the landscape. The key to understanding the sustainability of ecosystem function is knowledge of the relationships between ecosystem components. The article reveals the role of morphological and physical properties of soil, as well as phytoindication of environmental factors as drivers of biological diversity of soil macrofauna of protected ecosystems of the Dnipro River floodplain. The studies were conducted in the forest floodplain ecosystems of the “Dnipro-Orilskiy” Nature Reserve. The studies of morphological properties of soils allowed us to identify the representatives of two reference groups: Fluvisol and Gleysol. The soil physical property data were subjected to principal component analysis, which extracted four principal components whose eigenvalues exceeded unity and described 79.9% of the variation in traits. The principal components of variation in soil physical properties and phytoindication assessments of environmental factors were used as predictors of the community structure of soil macrofauna. These predictors were able to explain 29.6% of the community variation. Physical soil properties are most important as a driver of soil macrofauna. The morphological properties of the soil and phytoindicator assessments are able to explain a much smaller part of the community variation. The pure influence of the predictors is small, indicating that they interact significantly in influencing soil animals. The results obtained have implications for the development of optimal strategies for floodplain ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. |
Gascon, Cecilia N; Almazol, Amalia E; Garcia, Ronald C; Vitoriano, Maynard M Diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Philippines Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 44 - 54, 2023. @article{Gascon2023, title = {Diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban, Philippines}, author = {Cecilia N. Gascon and Amalia E. Almazol and Ronald C. Garcia and Maynard M. Vitoriano}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0003}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {44 - 54}, abstract = {Native bees are pollinators and bioindicators of ecosystem health but only little is known about its abundance, species distribution, and habitat range, especially in the Philippines. This study assessed the diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBDL). Belt transect coupled with opportunistic sampling were used in the inventory of bees and their nests. Nests occurrence and 7 environmental predictor variables including; 1) annual mean temperature; 2) precipitation of warmest quarter; 3) elevation; 4) slope; 5) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); 6) distance to agricultural areas (m); and 7) distance to forested areas (m) were used for modeling species distribution by MaxEnt. A total of 16 species of native bees including representatives from genus Apis, Tetragonula, Lasioglossum, Halictus, Hylaeus and Megachile were identified. A total of 96 bee nests from 5 species were also recorded yielding a nests density of 234 nests per km2. Results showed medium diversity of solitary native bees with H’ of 2.488. Most bee nests were found in lower elevations while the distance from agricultural areas and the distance from forest areas had the highest contributions to the nesting of Apis breviligula, A. cerana, and Tetragonula biroi. The mean distance from forest areas of all bee nests was 649.930 m and the mean extent of suitable area for these species was 5.340 km2. Hence, a landscape approach may be more appropriate to conserve native bees and sustain the ecosystem services they provide in MBDL.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Native bees are pollinators and bioindicators of ecosystem health but only little is known about its abundance, species distribution, and habitat range, especially in the Philippines. This study assessed the diversity and spatial distribution of native bees in Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBDL). Belt transect coupled with opportunistic sampling were used in the inventory of bees and their nests. Nests occurrence and 7 environmental predictor variables including; 1) annual mean temperature; 2) precipitation of warmest quarter; 3) elevation; 4) slope; 5) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); 6) distance to agricultural areas (m); and 7) distance to forested areas (m) were used for modeling species distribution by MaxEnt. A total of 16 species of native bees including representatives from genus Apis, Tetragonula, Lasioglossum, Halictus, Hylaeus and Megachile were identified. A total of 96 bee nests from 5 species were also recorded yielding a nests density of 234 nests per km2. Results showed medium diversity of solitary native bees with H’ of 2.488. Most bee nests were found in lower elevations while the distance from agricultural areas and the distance from forest areas had the highest contributions to the nesting of Apis breviligula, A. cerana, and Tetragonula biroi. The mean distance from forest areas of all bee nests was 649.930 m and the mean extent of suitable area for these species was 5.340 km2. Hence, a landscape approach may be more appropriate to conserve native bees and sustain the ecosystem services they provide in MBDL. |
Brearley, Francis Q; Mansur, Muhammad; Eichhorn, Markus P Spatial patterning of Gonystylus brunnescens in eastern Borneo Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 55 - 59, 2023. @article{Brearley2023, title = {Spatial patterning of \textit{Gonystylus brunnescens} in eastern Borneo}, author = {Francis Q. Brearley and Muhammad Mansur and Markus P. Eichhorn}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0004}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {55 - 59}, abstract = {Determining the spatial patterning of tree species can provide inferences on underlying ecological processes. Gonystylus brunnescens is a South-east Asian subcanopy forest tree. To determine the spatial patterns of this species, we recorded the distribution of all individuals in a 0.4 ha sampling plot in eastern Borneo. We found that the pattern deviated from random and was well-described by the Matérn cluster model; clusters had a radius of approximately 4.2 m and contained an average of six seedlings each. This supports the hypothesis of animal-dispersed seeds and, due to a clear lack of association of juveniles with adults, may be due to scatter-hoarding of seeds by small mammal seed dispersers.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Determining the spatial patterning of tree species can provide inferences on underlying ecological processes. Gonystylus brunnescens is a South-east Asian subcanopy forest tree. To determine the spatial patterns of this species, we recorded the distribution of all individuals in a 0.4 ha sampling plot in eastern Borneo. We found that the pattern deviated from random and was well-described by the Matérn cluster model; clusters had a radius of approximately 4.2 m and contained an average of six seedlings each. This supports the hypothesis of animal-dispersed seeds and, due to a clear lack of association of juveniles with adults, may be due to scatter-hoarding of seeds by small mammal seed dispersers. |
Appiagyei, Bright Danso; Belhoucine-Guezouli, Latifa; Bessah, Enoch; Morsli, Boutkhil The changing land use and land cover in the Mediterranean Basin: implications on forest ecosystem services Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 60 - 71, 2023. @article{Appiagyei2023, title = {The changing land use and land cover in the Mediterranean Basin: implications on forest ecosystem services}, author = {Bright Danso Appiagyei and Latifa Belhoucine-Guezouli and Enoch Bessah and Boutkhil Morsli}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/corrected_foecol-2023-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0005}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {60 - 71}, abstract = {The Mediterranean Basin covers more than 2 million square kilometres and is surrounded by three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe. It is home to more than 500 million people and is projected to reach 670 million by 2050. The basin is rich in species diversity, with a great wealth of endemism. The supply of ecosystem services is greatly challenged due to the trend of land use and land cover (LULC) change coupled with other global change drivers. The current study thoroughly reviewed the existing body of knowledge on the impacts of LULC change on forest ecosystem services. The LULC change is driven by synergetic factor combinations of urbanization, population increase, agricultural land abandonment and deforestation putting additional strain on forest ecosystem services. The review shows the potential impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem services such as wood and non-wood forest products, water resources, and carbon stock. Moreover, there is evidence showing the threats of LULC change to saproxylic beetle species, a key agent in the nutrient cycling process, posing a significant risk to a nutrient-deficient ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need to mitigate the challenges posed by LULC change and adapt forest management practices to impending changes to sustain the provision of ecosystem goods and services.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Mediterranean Basin covers more than 2 million square kilometres and is surrounded by three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe. It is home to more than 500 million people and is projected to reach 670 million by 2050. The basin is rich in species diversity, with a great wealth of endemism. The supply of ecosystem services is greatly challenged due to the trend of land use and land cover (LULC) change coupled with other global change drivers. The current study thoroughly reviewed the existing body of knowledge on the impacts of LULC change on forest ecosystem services. The LULC change is driven by synergetic factor combinations of urbanization, population increase, agricultural land abandonment and deforestation putting additional strain on forest ecosystem services. The review shows the potential impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem services such as wood and non-wood forest products, water resources, and carbon stock. Moreover, there is evidence showing the threats of LULC change to saproxylic beetle species, a key agent in the nutrient cycling process, posing a significant risk to a nutrient-deficient ecosystem. Therefore, there is a need to mitigate the challenges posed by LULC change and adapt forest management practices to impending changes to sustain the provision of ecosystem goods and services. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis; Kostakis, Marios; Kaoukis, Kostas; Bourletsikas, Athanassios; Solomou, Alexandra; Pasias, Ioannis; Thomaidis, Nikolaos Cycling and status of cobalt in some forest types Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 72 - 79, 2023. @article{Michopoulos2023, title = {Cycling and status of cobalt in some forest types}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos and Marios Kostakis and Kostas Kaoukis and Athanassios Bourletsikas and Alexandra Solomou and Ioannis Pasias and Nikolaos Thomaidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0006}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {72 - 79}, abstract = {The concentrations of Co were determined in the hydrological cycle (in maquis and fir forests), litterfall and soils in maquis, oak, beech and fir forests. The concentrations in the hydrological cycle were characterized by high variability. The concentrations in soil solution were much higher than those in the bulk deposition and throughfall. The contribution of the earth’s’ crust in the bulk deposition enrichment with Co was not high but some minor quantities of Co can be considered to be transported in long distances. The concentrations of Co in litterfall were high in the fraction composed of lichens, flowers and mosses, especially in the fir forest. The total content of Co was significantly higher in the soils derived from mica schist than those in the flysch. The residence time of Co in the forest floor was rather long. This is an indication that weathering in the mineral layers plays an important role in providing Co for plant uptake.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The concentrations of Co were determined in the hydrological cycle (in maquis and fir forests), litterfall and soils in maquis, oak, beech and fir forests. The concentrations in the hydrological cycle were characterized by high variability. The concentrations in soil solution were much higher than those in the bulk deposition and throughfall. The contribution of the earth’s’ crust in the bulk deposition enrichment with Co was not high but some minor quantities of Co can be considered to be transported in long distances. The concentrations of Co in litterfall were high in the fraction composed of lichens, flowers and mosses, especially in the fir forest. The total content of Co was significantly higher in the soils derived from mica schist than those in the flysch. The residence time of Co in the forest floor was rather long. This is an indication that weathering in the mineral layers plays an important role in providing Co for plant uptake. |
Abdullah, Neven A; Al-Jabir, Haider Sh. S; Shareef, Hussein J Pre-treatment for heat tolerance enhancement of the Indian almond (Pithecellobium dulce) seedlings using ascorbic acid and potassium chloride Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 80 - 88, 2023. @article{Abdullah2023, title = {Pre-treatment for heat tolerance enhancement of the Indian almond (\textit{Pithecellobium dulce}) seedlings using ascorbic acid and potassium chloride}, author = {Neven A. Abdullah and Haider S. Sh. Al-Jabir and Hussein J. Shareef}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0007}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {80 - 88}, abstract = {In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l−1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l−1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l−1 to reduce heat stress damage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In light of global warming, pre-treatment plants with antioxidants may reduce the damage caused by climatic changes. Indian almond seedlings were planted in pots subjected to ascorbic acid and potassium chloride alone or combined to reduce the negative impact of high field temperature. Compared with the control, all treatments improved the plant height, branch number, number of leaves, and leaf area. These treatments reduced loss in concentration of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Heat stress increased abscisic acid content and electrolyte leakage percentage, whereas the application of ascorbic acid alleviated this damage. Indian almond plants can better withstand high temperatures particularly using ascorbic acid treatments at 50 mg l−1 or treatment of ascorbic acid at 50 mg l−1 + potassium chloride at 250 mg l−1 to reduce heat stress damage. |
Chatziathanasiou, Styliani; Kitikidou, Kyriaki; Milios, Elias Allometries of Acer negundo for a better space management in two cities of northeastern Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 89 - 96, 2023. @article{Chatziathanasiou2023, title = {Allometries of \textit{Acer negundo} for a better space management in two cities of northeastern Greece}, author = {Styliani Chatziathanasiou and Kyriaki Kitikidou and Elias Milios}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0008}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {89 - 96}, abstract = {The ability to estimate the space volume that a tree occupies, in various heights, is a crucial factor in designing the street trees schedule in pavements of new urban infrastructures. The dimensions of Acer negundo tree crown in various heights can be the basis for a better space management in the pavements of cities. In this study, the height and the crown width of the A. negundo street trees in the Greek cities of Orestiada and Alexandroupoli and the allometric relations that can be found between them, were investigated. Data from 117 street trees growing in semi-permeable pavements of the two cities were used. In each selected tree, the total height (H), and the maximum and minimum crown diameter (CW) were measured. The selected model (CW-H) for Alexandroupoli exhibits a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81. The R2 of the model selected for Orestiada is lower (R2 = 0.66). The R2 of the model selected using the complete dataset is 0.77. A. negundo appears to have greater crown width in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada. In Orestiada the conditions of growth were variable since in many cases the measured trees were under side shade, while this not the case in the corresponding trees in Alexandroupoli. The better fit of the selected model in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada is probably due to the more variable growth conditions of Orestiada.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The ability to estimate the space volume that a tree occupies, in various heights, is a crucial factor in designing the street trees schedule in pavements of new urban infrastructures. The dimensions of Acer negundo tree crown in various heights can be the basis for a better space management in the pavements of cities. In this study, the height and the crown width of the A. negundo street trees in the Greek cities of Orestiada and Alexandroupoli and the allometric relations that can be found between them, were investigated. Data from 117 street trees growing in semi-permeable pavements of the two cities were used. In each selected tree, the total height (H), and the maximum and minimum crown diameter (CW) were measured. The selected model (CW-H) for Alexandroupoli exhibits a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81. The R2 of the model selected for Orestiada is lower (R2 = 0.66). The R2 of the model selected using the complete dataset is 0.77. A. negundo appears to have greater crown width in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada. In Orestiada the conditions of growth were variable since in many cases the measured trees were under side shade, while this not the case in the corresponding trees in Alexandroupoli. The better fit of the selected model in Alexandroupoli compared to that of Orestiada is probably due to the more variable growth conditions of Orestiada. |
Pipinis, Elias; Kostas, Stefanos; Hatzilazarou, Stefanos; Petropoulos, Sofoklis; Mitsi, Dimitra; Stampoulidis, Athanasios; Milios, Elias; Smiris, Pavlos Folia Oecologica, 50 (1), pp. 97 - 103, 2023. @article{Pipinis2023, title = {Effects of donor tree age, cutting collection time and K-IBA application on rooting ability of \textit{Taxus baccata} L. stem cuttings: preliminary results}, author = {Elias Pipinis and Stefanos Kostas and Stefanos Hatzilazarou and Sofoklis Petropoulos and Dimitra Mitsi and Athanasios Stampoulidis and Elias Milios and Pavlos Smiris}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2023-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2023-0009}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-27}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {50}, number = {1}, pages = {97 - 103}, abstract = {The present study investigates the effect of donor tree age (juvenile, adult), collection time (March, November) and the K-IBA (indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt; 0, 3, 6, 12 g L−1 K-IBA) application on rooting of T. baccata stem cuttings. Terminal hardwood leaf stem cuttings were collected of the year 2013 from individuals growing in their natural habitat in the Cholomontas mountains in the northern part of Greece. In cuttings taken from adult individuals, the application of K-IBA only significantly improved the rooting percentage. However, in cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the collection time and K-IBA application as well as their interaction were statistically significant. In November collection, the cuttings treated with 12 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited the highest rooting percentage (98.3%), while in March collection, the cuttings treated with 3 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited higher rooting percentages (61.7%) than those of control (41.7%). In cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the K-IBA application significantly improved the rooting of cuttings collected in November compared with those collected in March. The cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, exhibited significantly higher rooting percentages than those taken from adult individuals.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study investigates the effect of donor tree age (juvenile, adult), collection time (March, November) and the K-IBA (indole-3-butyric acid potassium salt; 0, 3, 6, 12 g L−1 K-IBA) application on rooting of T. baccata stem cuttings. Terminal hardwood leaf stem cuttings were collected of the year 2013 from individuals growing in their natural habitat in the Cholomontas mountains in the northern part of Greece. In cuttings taken from adult individuals, the application of K-IBA only significantly improved the rooting percentage. However, in cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the collection time and K-IBA application as well as their interaction were statistically significant. In November collection, the cuttings treated with 12 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited the highest rooting percentage (98.3%), while in March collection, the cuttings treated with 3 g L−1 of K-IBA exhibited higher rooting percentages (61.7%) than those of control (41.7%). In cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, the K-IBA application significantly improved the rooting of cuttings collected in November compared with those collected in March. The cuttings taken from juvenile individuals, exhibited significantly higher rooting percentages than those taken from adult individuals. |
➤ Volume 49(2) 2022
Diamantopoulou, Maria J Simulation of over-bark tree bole diameters, through the RFr (Random Forest Regression) algorithm Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 93–101, 2022. @article{Diamantopoulou2022, title = {Simulation of over-bark tree bole diameters, through the RFr (Random Forest Regression) algorithm}, author = {Maria J. Diamantopoulou}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0010}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {93–101}, abstract = {The difficulty of locating and measuring the over-bark tree bole diameters at heights that are far from the ground, is a serious problem in ground-truth data measurements in the field. This problem could be addressed through the application of intelligent systems methods. The paper explores the possibility of applying the Random Forest regression method (RFr) in order to assess, as accurately as possible, the size of the tree bole diameters at any height above the ground, considering data that can be easily measured in the field. For this purpose, diameter measurements of pine trees (Pinus brutia Ten.) from the Seich–Sou urban forest of Thessaloniki, Greece, were used. The effectiveness of the Random Forest regression technique is compared with the results of non-linear regression models that fitted to the available data and evaluated. This research has shown that the RFr method can be a reliable alternative methodology in order to receive accurate information provided by the model, saving time and effort in field.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The difficulty of locating and measuring the over-bark tree bole diameters at heights that are far from the ground, is a serious problem in ground-truth data measurements in the field. This problem could be addressed through the application of intelligent systems methods. The paper explores the possibility of applying the Random Forest regression method (RFr) in order to assess, as accurately as possible, the size of the tree bole diameters at any height above the ground, considering data that can be easily measured in the field. For this purpose, diameter measurements of pine trees (Pinus brutia Ten.) from the Seich–Sou urban forest of Thessaloniki, Greece, were used. The effectiveness of the Random Forest regression technique is compared with the results of non-linear regression models that fitted to the available data and evaluated. This research has shown that the RFr method can be a reliable alternative methodology in order to receive accurate information provided by the model, saving time and effort in field. |
Petrakis, Panos V; Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Fassouli, Vassilia P; Solomou, Alexandra D Preliminary results of European budworm Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) impact on Greek fir radial growth at Mts Parnassus and Giona Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 102–109, 2022. @article{Petrakis2022, title = {Preliminary results of European budworm \textit{Choristoneura murinana} (Hubner) impact on Greek fir radial growth at Mts Parnassus and Giona}, author = {Panos V. Petrakis and Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Vassilia P. Fassouli and Alexandra D. Solomou}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0011}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {102–109}, abstract = {During the spring of 2020, Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) otherwise European Fir Budworm (EFB) was recorded on Abies cephalonica near the villages of Kaloskopi and Agoriani in Central Greece at the mountains Giona and Parnassus respectively. To our knowledge, the occurrence of the particular pest on the specific mountains has not been described yet. We found that EFB mostly prefers Abies cephalonica and less Juniperus oxycedrous in sunny areas and/or near the country roads. Across the study area, local severe infestations of scale 2, 3 and 5, were observed. In many cases the infestation was observed in adult fir individuals. Defoliations and severe outbreaks, which are presumably incurred by EFB were also observed by local people (beekeepers, foresters, herb collectors) in the past. Our laboratories field measurements and the analysis of the Singular Spectrum analysis trendlines revealed growth decline, not connected with climatic parameters but probably associated with observed defoliations by the EFB.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the spring of 2020, Choristoneura murinana (Hubner) otherwise European Fir Budworm (EFB) was recorded on Abies cephalonica near the villages of Kaloskopi and Agoriani in Central Greece at the mountains Giona and Parnassus respectively. To our knowledge, the occurrence of the particular pest on the specific mountains has not been described yet. We found that EFB mostly prefers Abies cephalonica and less Juniperus oxycedrous in sunny areas and/or near the country roads. Across the study area, local severe infestations of scale 2, 3 and 5, were observed. In many cases the infestation was observed in adult fir individuals. Defoliations and severe outbreaks, which are presumably incurred by EFB were also observed by local people (beekeepers, foresters, herb collectors) in the past. Our laboratories field measurements and the analysis of the Singular Spectrum analysis trendlines revealed growth decline, not connected with climatic parameters but probably associated with observed defoliations by the EFB. |
Astaras, Christos; Valeta, Christina; Vasileiadis, Ioakim Acoustic ecology of tawny owl (Strix aluco) in the Greek Rhodope Mountains using passive acoustic monitoring methods Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 110–116, 2022. @article{Astaras2022, title = {Acoustic ecology of tawny owl (\textit{Strix aluco}) in the Greek Rhodope Mountains using passive acoustic monitoring methods}, author = {Christos Astaras and Christina Valeta and Ioakim Vasileiadis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0012}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {110–116}, abstract = {Passive acoustic monitoring is a wildlife monitoring method used especially for the study of vocally active species which are difficult to observe directly. The tawny owl (Strix aluco, Linnaeus 1758) is such a species, and has not been previously studied in Greece. The aim of the study was to provide a first insight into the species’ acoustic ecology in the Rhodope Mountains by describing its calling activity at four sites over a period of 3–6 months, and to examine possible correlation with natural and climatic parameters. Based on 24,937 calls, we report a significant increase in the number of calls per night (18:00 pm to 9:00 am) as the length of the night increased, as well as a negative relation with wind speed. We did not observe a relationship between calling frequency and the phase of the moon.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Passive acoustic monitoring is a wildlife monitoring method used especially for the study of vocally active species which are difficult to observe directly. The tawny owl (Strix aluco, Linnaeus 1758) is such a species, and has not been previously studied in Greece. The aim of the study was to provide a first insight into the species’ acoustic ecology in the Rhodope Mountains by describing its calling activity at four sites over a period of 3–6 months, and to examine possible correlation with natural and climatic parameters. Based on 24,937 calls, we report a significant increase in the number of calls per night (18:00 pm to 9:00 am) as the length of the night increased, as well as a negative relation with wind speed. We did not observe a relationship between calling frequency and the phase of the moon. |
Politi, Despoina Eleni; Aravanopoulos, Filippos (Phil) A Diversity of leaf morphometric parameters in natural Greek populations of Arbutus unedo Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 117–121, 2022. @article{Politi2022, title = {Diversity of leaf morphometric parameters in natural Greek populations of \textit{Arbutus unedo}}, author = {Despoina Eleni Politi and Filippos A. (Phil) Aravanopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0013}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {117–121}, abstract = {This paper investigates leaf morphology variation of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) within and between two natural contrasting populations of significant latitudinal difference (Kassandreia, Chalkidiki and Ancient Olympia, Peloponnese). This study employed 11 leaf size and shape parameters, recorded by image processing and analyzing software. The results showed that in the measurements of central tendency (parameter means) the northern population of Kassandreia presented the highest values, while in contrast the highest values in the measurements of spread were found in the southern population of Ancient Olympia. Moreover, statistically significant differences between populations were detected in leaf size, but not in leaf shape parameters. Results are discussed in the context of their value in studying quantitative population differentiation and laying the basis of more advanced studies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper investigates leaf morphology variation of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) within and between two natural contrasting populations of significant latitudinal difference (Kassandreia, Chalkidiki and Ancient Olympia, Peloponnese). This study employed 11 leaf size and shape parameters, recorded by image processing and analyzing software. The results showed that in the measurements of central tendency (parameter means) the northern population of Kassandreia presented the highest values, while in contrast the highest values in the measurements of spread were found in the southern population of Ancient Olympia. Moreover, statistically significant differences between populations were detected in leaf size, but not in leaf shape parameters. Results are discussed in the context of their value in studying quantitative population differentiation and laying the basis of more advanced studies. |
Kechagioglou, Stavros; Papadopoulou, Dimitra; Tsitsoni, Thekla Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 122–129, 2022. @article{Kechagioglou2022, title = {Determining structure and volume of the European beech (\textit{Fagus sylvatica} L.) deadwood in managed stands in the Rodopi Mountain Range National Park, Greece}, author = {Stavros Kechagioglou and Dimitra Papadopoulou and Thekla Tsitsoni}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0014}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {122–129}, abstract = {The multifaceted role of deadwood in forest ecosystems has been widely recognized while it is regarded as an indicator of sustainable forest management. Nevertheless, there are hardly any data on deadwood volume and structure in managed forests in Greece. The study took place in beech forests of the Western and Central part of the Rodopi Mountain Range. The objective was to determine the amount, variability and quality of deadwood and to compare it with data from managed as well as natural forests. Data were collected on 30 randomly distributed circular plots of 0.1 ha. The results showed that the average deadwood amount (13.46 m3 ha–1) was much lower compared to that recorded in other European forests and they highlighted the absence of large dead standing trees due to the management regime. The deadwood quality showed great variation in stages of decay.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The multifaceted role of deadwood in forest ecosystems has been widely recognized while it is regarded as an indicator of sustainable forest management. Nevertheless, there are hardly any data on deadwood volume and structure in managed forests in Greece. The study took place in beech forests of the Western and Central part of the Rodopi Mountain Range. The objective was to determine the amount, variability and quality of deadwood and to compare it with data from managed as well as natural forests. Data were collected on 30 randomly distributed circular plots of 0.1 ha. The results showed that the average deadwood amount (13.46 m3 ha–1) was much lower compared to that recorded in other European forests and they highlighted the absence of large dead standing trees due to the management regime. The deadwood quality showed great variation in stages of decay. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Abbas, Muayed F; Jasim, Abbas M Response of date palm offshoots (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to the foliar spray of salicylic acid and citric acid under salinity conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 130–136, 2022. @article{Shareef2022, title = {Response of date palm offshoots (\textit{Phoenix dactylifera} L.) to the foliar spray of salicylic acid and citric acid under salinity conditions}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Muayed F. Abbas and Abbas M. Jasim}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0015}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {130–136}, abstract = {Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Antioxidants enhance the salt tolerance of date palms. A field experiment was carried out on date palm offshoots to improve the salt tolerance of the Sayer cultivar. Salicylic acid and citric acid (500 and 1,000 ppm) were used. The results showed that all growth parameters of plant height, leaf area, and leaf numbers decreased under the salinity conditions. The antioxidant applications increased the plant height, leaf area, carbohydrates, and relative water content compared with the control. Citric acid at 1,000 ppm decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde. Indoleacetic acid decreased, whereas abscisic acid increased under salinity. The antioxidant application increased indoleacetic, whereas abscisic acid decreased. Proline, protein content, and peroxidase activity increased under antioxidants. Also, the potassium and K/Na ratio increased under antioxidant applications. Citric acid improved the characteristics more than salicylic acid, encouraging farmers to use it for its low cost as an antioxidant to reduce environmental stress damage. |
Lukyanets, Volodymyr; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Tarnopilska, Oksana; Kobets, Oleksii; Musienko, Sergiy; Obolonyk, Iryna; Bondarenko, Vira; Poznіakova, Svitlana Distribution, productivity and natural regeneration of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) in Ukrainian Polissya Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 137–147, 2022. @article{Lukyanets2022, title = {Distribution, productivity and natural regeneration of black alder (\textit{Alnus glutinosa} (L.) Gaertn.) in Ukrainian Polissya}, author = {Volodymyr Lukyanets and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oksana Tarnopilska and Oleksii Kobets and Sergiy Musienko and Iryna Obolonyk and Vira Bondarenko and Svitlana Poznіakova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0016}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {137–147}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to assess the current state and productivity of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands and determine the optimal conditions for the emergence and further growth of its natural regeneration in Ukrainian Polissya. The area of black alder stands in Ukrainian Polissya (Ukrainian forest zone) is 162,348 ha, reaching 8.4% of the total forest area. Volyn Region has the largest area of alder stands within Ukrainian Polissya (61,271 ha covering 37.7% of the total area). In the forests of this region, a more detailed study of the current condition, productivity, growth and regeneration of alder stands was performed. The natural regeneration under the alder canopy was characterized as poor. The largest numbers of alder seedlings (1,600–1,800 stems per ha) were recorded under the canopy of 76–78-year-old stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.63–0.70 and 80–100% of alder in their composition. Naturally regenerating alder seedlings had mainly group distribution on the area (occurrence is up to 40%). These specificities should be taken into account to promote natural seed regeneration of alder stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to assess the current state and productivity of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) stands and determine the optimal conditions for the emergence and further growth of its natural regeneration in Ukrainian Polissya. The area of black alder stands in Ukrainian Polissya (Ukrainian forest zone) is 162,348 ha, reaching 8.4% of the total forest area. Volyn Region has the largest area of alder stands within Ukrainian Polissya (61,271 ha covering 37.7% of the total area). In the forests of this region, a more detailed study of the current condition, productivity, growth and regeneration of alder stands was performed. The natural regeneration under the alder canopy was characterized as poor. The largest numbers of alder seedlings (1,600–1,800 stems per ha) were recorded under the canopy of 76–78-year-old stands with a relative density of stocking of 0.63–0.70 and 80–100% of alder in their composition. Naturally regenerating alder seedlings had mainly group distribution on the area (occurrence is up to 40%). These specificities should be taken into account to promote natural seed regeneration of alder stands. |
Teofilova, Teodora Ground beetles in Romanian oilseed rape fields and adjacent grasslands (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 148–158, 2022. @article{Teofilova2022, title = {Ground beetles in Romanian oilseed rape fields and adjacent grasslands (Coleoptera: Carabidae)}, author = {Teodora Teofilova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0017}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {148–158}, abstract = {This study aimed at clarifying species composition and ecological structure of the ground beetles associated with oilseed rape fields during flowering, ripening and post-harvest, as well as pastures adjacent to them. Field work was carried out in 2017. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 20 sampling sites in the Transylvania region, Cluj County. A total of 8,151 individuals were collected (7,576 in rapeseed fields and 575 in pastures) belonging to 82 species from 29 genera. The richest tribes were Harpalini (25 species), Zabrini (12 species), Pterostichini (10 species), and Carabini (9 species). The most species-rich were the genera Harpalus (13 species), Amara (11 species), Carabus and Ophonus (8 species each). The most abundant species in the rape fields were Poecilus cupreus (1,760 ind.), Brachinus explodens (1,500 ind.), Brachinus elegans (1206 ind.), and Anchomenus dorsalis (875 ind.). The most abundant in the grasslands were Pterostichus hungaricus (101 ind.), Calathus fuscipes (74 ind.), Harpalus caspius (67 ind.), and Cylindera germanica (64 ind.). The species found only in rape fields were 36 while 13 species were exclusive to pastures; 34 species were discovered in both types of habitats. The investigation acquired some new data on carabid diversity in Romania, including two new country records.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed at clarifying species composition and ecological structure of the ground beetles associated with oilseed rape fields during flowering, ripening and post-harvest, as well as pastures adjacent to them. Field work was carried out in 2017. Pitfall traps (5 in each site) were set in 20 sampling sites in the Transylvania region, Cluj County. A total of 8,151 individuals were collected (7,576 in rapeseed fields and 575 in pastures) belonging to 82 species from 29 genera. The richest tribes were Harpalini (25 species), Zabrini (12 species), Pterostichini (10 species), and Carabini (9 species). The most species-rich were the genera Harpalus (13 species), Amara (11 species), Carabus and Ophonus (8 species each). The most abundant species in the rape fields were Poecilus cupreus (1,760 ind.), Brachinus explodens (1,500 ind.), Brachinus elegans (1206 ind.), and Anchomenus dorsalis (875 ind.). The most abundant in the grasslands were Pterostichus hungaricus (101 ind.), Calathus fuscipes (74 ind.), Harpalus caspius (67 ind.), and Cylindera germanica (64 ind.). The species found only in rape fields were 36 while 13 species were exclusive to pastures; 34 species were discovered in both types of habitats. The investigation acquired some new data on carabid diversity in Romania, including two new country records. |
Zúñiga, Alfredo H; Rau, Jaime R; Sandova, Rodolfo; Fuenzalida, Víctor Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 159–167, 2022. @article{Zúñiga2022, title = {Landscape use and food habits of the chilla fox (\textit{Lycalopex griseus}, Gray) and domestic dog (\textit{Canis lupus familiaris}) in a peri-urban environment of south-central Chile}, author = {Alfredo H. Zúñiga and Jaime R. Rau and Rodolfo Sandova and Víctor Fuenzalida}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0018}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {159–167}, abstract = {Cities intensely modify natural environments and impose pressures on biodiversity. In this sense, carnivorous mammals are one of the groups most affected due to their food and space requirements. The feeding and spatial behavior of the chilla fox (Lycalopex griseus, G., 1837) and dogs were studied in the vicinity of a peri-urban protected area in south-central Chile. The diet of both canids was compared seasonally, for which feces were collected along trails in three habitats: native forest, exotic plantations and scrublands. Dog feces were collected at the same site to establish whether they were avoided by foxes. Chilla fox has been highlighted for consuming a high proportion of hares followed by rodents of the Muridae family, both being exotic mammals in Chile, whereas dogs showed a predominant consumption of anthropogenic food. Significant differences were observed for chilla fox in dietary diversity, mainly in summer and fall. No spatial segregation was observed with the domestic dog, which was evidenced in a high overlap in the use of all habitats. This scenario, together with continuous human presence, are elements that must be considered in the medium-term to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on native carnivores in the study area. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Cities intensely modify natural environments and impose pressures on biodiversity. In this sense, carnivorous mammals are one of the groups most affected due to their food and space requirements. The feeding and spatial behavior of the chilla fox (Lycalopex griseus, G., 1837) and dogs were studied in the vicinity of a peri-urban protected area in south-central Chile. The diet of both canids was compared seasonally, for which feces were collected along trails in three habitats: native forest, exotic plantations and scrublands. Dog feces were collected at the same site to establish whether they were avoided by foxes. Chilla fox has been highlighted for consuming a high proportion of hares followed by rodents of the Muridae family, both being exotic mammals in Chile, whereas dogs showed a predominant consumption of anthropogenic food. Significant differences were observed for chilla fox in dietary diversity, mainly in summer and fall. No spatial segregation was observed with the domestic dog, which was evidenced in a high overlap in the use of all habitats. This scenario, together with continuous human presence, are elements that must be considered in the medium-term to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on native carnivores in the study area. |
Foxx, Alicia J Species variability in the relative strength of intraspecific and interspecific interactions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 168–174, 2022. @article{Foxx2022, title = {Species variability in the relative strength of intraspecific and interspecific interactions}, author = {Alicia J. Foxx}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0019}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {168–174}, abstract = {Understanding cases in restoration and in agriculture in which species diversity improves productivity and ecosystem functioning is crucial due the need to restore degraded habitat and improve crop productivity for a growing human population. Reaching these diversity benefits is likely influenced by the dynamic of less negative interspecific than intraspecific interactions that promote diversity. But further testing is needed to understand the relationship of intraspecific- relative to interspecific interactions. Here I used seedlings from three native and one introduced species used in restoration in the western United States in pairwise interaction combinations and found that the study species varied in shoot biomass in response to interaction treatments of the control, intraspecific, and interspecific interactions (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.001), and that intraspecific interactions were more negative than interspecific interactions for four of five of the pairings. Overall, as shoot mass size differences increased between interspecific neighbors, interactions became more positive (R2 = 0.6, p < 0.001). These findings point to variability in species responses in whether the focal species compete more intensely with conspecific or heterospecific neighbors and indicates the need for more careful selection of interacting species for meeting both agricultural and restoration goals. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding cases in restoration and in agriculture in which species diversity improves productivity and ecosystem functioning is crucial due the need to restore degraded habitat and improve crop productivity for a growing human population. Reaching these diversity benefits is likely influenced by the dynamic of less negative interspecific than intraspecific interactions that promote diversity. But further testing is needed to understand the relationship of intraspecific- relative to interspecific interactions. Here I used seedlings from three native and one introduced species used in restoration in the western United States in pairwise interaction combinations and found that the study species varied in shoot biomass in response to interaction treatments of the control, intraspecific, and interspecific interactions (R2 = 0.7, p < 0.001), and that intraspecific interactions were more negative than interspecific interactions for four of five of the pairings. Overall, as shoot mass size differences increased between interspecific neighbors, interactions became more positive (R2 = 0.6, p < 0.001). These findings point to variability in species responses in whether the focal species compete more intensely with conspecific or heterospecific neighbors and indicates the need for more careful selection of interacting species for meeting both agricultural and restoration goals. |
Aissi, Abdeldjalil; Beghami, Yassine Geometric Morphometrics use in the examination of subgenus Quercus leaf shape variation in Algeria Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 175–181, 2022. @article{Aissi2022, title = {Geometric Morphometrics use in the examination of subgenus \textit{Quercus} leaf shape variation in Algeria}, author = {Abdeldjalil Aissi and Yassine Beghami}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0020}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {175–181}, abstract = {The latest findings on the taxonomic review of Quercus faginea Lam. complex using ‘traditional morphometrics’, demonstrating that the species is represented in Algeria by both Q. faginea and Q. canariensis Willd. Significant variations of the leaf form were also discernible among both species. In this study, the landmark-based geometric morphometrics analysis was used to assess the shape variation of the leaves found on oak stands. 2,600 leaves per 13 stands were collected and scanned, and then using Tps range and MorphoJ software, 11 landmarks—that represent the leaf morphological features—were recorded on leaf images. Shape components and non-forms variations were obtained through a full Procrustes fit followed by creating a leaf-superimposed configuration. Principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, and discriminate analysis were used to statistically evaluate the leaf shape variability. The results revealed no clear distinction between the two species based on leaf shape. Climate change and environmental factors also appear to have possibly caused a divergent morphological evolution; a reduced leaf size with enduring indumentum—among other Q. faginea traits—could be an efficient mean of adapting to Mediterranean xeric conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The latest findings on the taxonomic review of Quercus faginea Lam. complex using ‘traditional morphometrics’, demonstrating that the species is represented in Algeria by both Q. faginea and Q. canariensis Willd. Significant variations of the leaf form were also discernible among both species. In this study, the landmark-based geometric morphometrics analysis was used to assess the shape variation of the leaves found on oak stands. 2,600 leaves per 13 stands were collected and scanned, and then using Tps range and MorphoJ software, 11 landmarks—that represent the leaf morphological features—were recorded on leaf images. Shape components and non-forms variations were obtained through a full Procrustes fit followed by creating a leaf-superimposed configuration. Principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis, and discriminate analysis were used to statistically evaluate the leaf shape variability. The results revealed no clear distinction between the two species based on leaf shape. Climate change and environmental factors also appear to have possibly caused a divergent morphological evolution; a reduced leaf size with enduring indumentum—among other Q. faginea traits—could be an efficient mean of adapting to Mediterranean xeric conditions. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Rokaya, Maan Bahadur; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Distribution of invasive plants and their association with wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (2), pp. 182–191, 2022. @article{Adhikari2022, title = {Distribution of invasive plants and their association with wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Maan Bahadur Rokaya and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2022-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0021}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {2}, pages = {182–191}, abstract = {Invasive and alien plant species (IAPS) are considered as major threats to native biodiversity because IAPS alter ecosystem structure and their functions. We assessed the association of four major IAPS (Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus) and the abundance of wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), Chitwan, Nepal. We collected data on the presence of wild ungulates in IAPS invaded habitats through direct observation and sign surveys. Our study showed that the cover of M. micrantha was significantly high in Sal forest (Prominence value PV = 73.23) followed by riverine forest (PV = 40.5) and grassland (PV = 37.7) whereas P. hysterophorus was high in grasslands (PV = 22.9). Similarly, C. odorata was significantly high in Sal forest (PV =141.6%), and L. camara was high in mixed forest (PV = 22.6). It was found that there was a significant negative association of IAPS (p = 0.002) with wild ungulates. The abundances of deer and wild pigs were more in the buffer zone than in the non-buffer zone. The abundance of deer decreased with increasing cover of C. odorata, M. micrantha, and P. hysterophorus (p = 0.002). Similarly, the abundance of wild pigs decreased with increasing cover of M. micrantha and L. camara. IAPS were not uniformly distributed in different habitats and abundances of wild ungulates were less in IAPS invaded habitats. Hence, it is important to initiate management plans to control IAPS spread to avoid their negative impacts on wild ungulate population such as deer and wild pigs. }, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Invasive and alien plant species (IAPS) are considered as major threats to native biodiversity because IAPS alter ecosystem structure and their functions. We assessed the association of four major IAPS (Mikania micrantha, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus) and the abundance of wild ungulates in Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), Chitwan, Nepal. We collected data on the presence of wild ungulates in IAPS invaded habitats through direct observation and sign surveys. Our study showed that the cover of M. micrantha was significantly high in Sal forest (Prominence value PV = 73.23) followed by riverine forest (PV = 40.5) and grassland (PV = 37.7) whereas P. hysterophorus was high in grasslands (PV = 22.9). Similarly, C. odorata was significantly high in Sal forest (PV =141.6%), and L. camara was high in mixed forest (PV = 22.6). It was found that there was a significant negative association of IAPS (p = 0.002) with wild ungulates. The abundances of deer and wild pigs were more in the buffer zone than in the non-buffer zone. The abundance of deer decreased with increasing cover of C. odorata, M. micrantha, and P. hysterophorus (p = 0.002). Similarly, the abundance of wild pigs decreased with increasing cover of M. micrantha and L. camara. IAPS were not uniformly distributed in different habitats and abundances of wild ungulates were less in IAPS invaded habitats. Hence, it is important to initiate management plans to control IAPS spread to avoid their negative impacts on wild ungulate population such as deer and wild pigs. |
➤ Volume 49(1) 2022
Dzurenko, Marek; Galko, Juraj; Kulfan, Ján; Váľka, Jozef; Holec, Juraj; Saniga, Miroslav; Zúbrik, Milan; Vakula, Jozef; Ranger, Christopher M; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Jauschová, Terézia; Zach, Peter Can the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus withstand an unusually cold winter in the West Carpathian forest in Central Europe? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 1 - 8, 2022. @article{Dzurenko2022, title = {Can the invasive ambrosia beetle \textit{Xylosandrus germanus} withstand an unusually cold winter in the West Carpathian forest in Central Europe?}, author = {Marek Dzurenko and Juraj Galko and Ján Kulfan and Jozef Váľka and Juraj Holec and Miroslav Saniga and Milan Zúbrik and Jozef Vakula and Christopher M. Ranger and Jiří Skuhrovec and Terézia Jauschová and Peter Zach}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0001}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 8}, abstract = {The capability of a non-native species to withstand adverse weather is indicative of its establishment in a novel area. An unusually cold winter of 2016/2017 that occurred in the West Carpathians of Slovakia and other regions within Europe provided an opportunity to indirectly assess survival of the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). We compared trap captures of this species in the year preceding and succeeding the respective cold winter. Ethanol-baited traps were deployed in 24 oak dominated forest stands within the southern and central area from April to August 2016, and again from April to August 2017 to encompass the seasonal flight activity of X. germanus and to get acquainted with temporal changes in the abundance of this species in these two distant areas. Dispersing X. germanus were recorded in all surveyed stands before and after the aforementioned cold winter. Their total seasonal trap captures were lower in the southern area following low winter temperatures, but remained similar in the central area. Our results suggest that X. germanus can withstand adverse winter weather in oak dominated forests of the West Carpathians within altitudes of 171 and 450 m asl. It is likely that minimum winter temperatures will not reduce the establishment or further spread of this successful invader in forests in Central Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The capability of a non-native species to withstand adverse weather is indicative of its establishment in a novel area. An unusually cold winter of 2016/2017 that occurred in the West Carpathians of Slovakia and other regions within Europe provided an opportunity to indirectly assess survival of the invasive ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). We compared trap captures of this species in the year preceding and succeeding the respective cold winter. Ethanol-baited traps were deployed in 24 oak dominated forest stands within the southern and central area from April to August 2016, and again from April to August 2017 to encompass the seasonal flight activity of X. germanus and to get acquainted with temporal changes in the abundance of this species in these two distant areas. Dispersing X. germanus were recorded in all surveyed stands before and after the aforementioned cold winter. Their total seasonal trap captures were lower in the southern area following low winter temperatures, but remained similar in the central area. Our results suggest that X. germanus can withstand adverse winter weather in oak dominated forests of the West Carpathians within altitudes of 171 and 450 m asl. It is likely that minimum winter temperatures will not reduce the establishment or further spread of this successful invader in forests in Central Europe. |
Hlôška, Ladislav; Saniga, Miroslav; Chovancová, Gabriela; Chovancová, Barbara; Homolová, Zuzana Temporal and spatial changes in small mammal communities in a disturbed mountain forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 9 - 22, 2022. @article{Hlôška2022, title = {Temporal and spatial changes in small mammal communities in a disturbed mountain forest}, author = {Ladislav Hlôška and Miroslav Saniga and Gabriela Chovancová and Barbara Chovancová and Zuzana Homolová}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0002}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {9 - 22}, abstract = {In 2005–2016, we investigated a secondary succession of small mammal communities in forest ecosystems in High Tatras (Slovakia) disturbed by windstorm and fire. This long-term ecological study confirmed the occurrence of significant temporal and spatial changes in species composition and number of dominant small mammal species. A comparison between disturbed and undisturbed plots indicated notable differences in species richness and abundance. The gradations of dominant small mammal species in disturbed habitats were asynchronous and showed a wider range of amplitude than in the undisturbed plots. An analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in the structure of small mammal communities in relation to selected environmental gradients confirmed the statistically significant effect of secondary succession on species composition, abundance, and exchange in forest ecosystems in the High Tatra Mountains following a disturbance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In 2005–2016, we investigated a secondary succession of small mammal communities in forest ecosystems in High Tatras (Slovakia) disturbed by windstorm and fire. This long-term ecological study confirmed the occurrence of significant temporal and spatial changes in species composition and number of dominant small mammal species. A comparison between disturbed and undisturbed plots indicated notable differences in species richness and abundance. The gradations of dominant small mammal species in disturbed habitats were asynchronous and showed a wider range of amplitude than in the undisturbed plots. An analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in the structure of small mammal communities in relation to selected environmental gradients confirmed the statistically significant effect of secondary succession on species composition, abundance, and exchange in forest ecosystems in the High Tatra Mountains following a disturbance. |
Boroughani, Mahdi; Soltani, Somayeh; Ghezelseflu, Nafiseh; Pazhouhan, Iman Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 23 - 34, 2022. @article{Boroughani2022, title = {A comparative assessment between artificial neural network, neuro-fuzzy, and support vector machine models in splash erosion modelling under simulation circumstances}, author = {Mahdi Boroughani and Somayeh Soltani and Nafiseh Ghezelseflu and Iman Pazhouhan}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0003}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {23 - 34}, abstract = {Splash erosion, as the first step of soil erosion, causes the movement of the soil particles and lumps and is considered an important process in soil erosion. Given the complexity of this process in nature, one way of identifying and modeling the process is to use a rainfall simulator and to study it under laboratory circumstances. For this purpose, transported material was measured with various rainfall intensities and different amounts of poly-acryl-amide. In the next step, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to model the transported materials. The results showed that among the three methods, the best values of evaluation criteria were related to SVM, and ANFIS respectively. Among the three studied durations, the experiment with a duration of 30 minutes received the best results. The results based on available data showed by increasing the number of membership functions, over-fitting happens in the ANFIS method. To reduce the complexity of the model and the likelihood of over-fitting, some rules were eliminated. The results showed that the performance of the model improved by eliminating some rules.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Splash erosion, as the first step of soil erosion, causes the movement of the soil particles and lumps and is considered an important process in soil erosion. Given the complexity of this process in nature, one way of identifying and modeling the process is to use a rainfall simulator and to study it under laboratory circumstances. For this purpose, transported material was measured with various rainfall intensities and different amounts of poly-acryl-amide. In the next step, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to model the transported materials. The results showed that among the three methods, the best values of evaluation criteria were related to SVM, and ANFIS respectively. Among the three studied durations, the experiment with a duration of 30 minutes received the best results. The results based on available data showed by increasing the number of membership functions, over-fitting happens in the ANFIS method. To reduce the complexity of the model and the likelihood of over-fitting, some rules were eliminated. The results showed that the performance of the model improved by eliminating some rules. |
Bailon, Alvaro Gregorio; Mendoza, Fernando Leonel; Solis, Leonardo; Velasquez, José; Montes, Karime; Gutierrez, Diego Perla R; Kondo, Takumasa; Chirinos, Dorys T Endemic and invasive Coccinellidae associated with maize (Zea mays L.) fields, in Manabi province, Ecuador Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 35 - 41, 2022. @article{Bailon2022, title = {Endemic and invasive Coccinellidae associated with maize (\textit{Zea mays} L.) fields, in Manabi province, Ecuador}, author = {Alvaro Gregorio Bailon and Fernando Leonel Mendoza and Leonardo Solis and José Velasquez and Karime Montes and Diego R. Perla Gutierrez and Takumasa Kondo and Dorys T. Chirinos}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0004}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {35 - 41}, abstract = {Maize (Zea mays L.), which is considered an important cereal everywhere, is widely cultivated in different agroecological conditions. Throughout their phenological stages, maize crops are attacked by pests and diseases, and in Ecuador these phytosanitary problems are usually counteracted with applications of pesticides. However, knowledge of beneficial entomofauna is fundamental to guide pest management programs. As part of this objective, the Coccinellidae species present in maize fields in localities (Santa Ana, Colon, and Danzarin) in Manabí province were identified. In each zone, maize plants were sampled from 2018–2019. A total of 2,654 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were collected in this study, of which Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Hippodamia convergens, Hyperaspis arida, and Psyllobora confluens were found in all the studied areas. Hyperaspis arida and Diomus apollonia are reported for the first time in Ecuador.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Maize (Zea mays L.), which is considered an important cereal everywhere, is widely cultivated in different agroecological conditions. Throughout their phenological stages, maize crops are attacked by pests and diseases, and in Ecuador these phytosanitary problems are usually counteracted with applications of pesticides. However, knowledge of beneficial entomofauna is fundamental to guide pest management programs. As part of this objective, the Coccinellidae species present in maize fields in localities (Santa Ana, Colon, and Danzarin) in Manabí province were identified. In each zone, maize plants were sampled from 2018–2019. A total of 2,654 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were collected in this study, of which Cheilomenes sexmaculata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Hippodamia convergens, Hyperaspis arida, and Psyllobora confluens were found in all the studied areas. Hyperaspis arida and Diomus apollonia are reported for the first time in Ecuador. |
Prokopiak, Mariana; Mayorova, Oksana; Hrytsak, Liudmyla; Meshko, Halyna; Drobyk, Nadia The assessment of the current status of Gentiana lutea L. populations of the Ukrainian Carpathians: Ecological and genetic approaches Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 42 - 50, 2022. @article{Prokopiak2022, title = {The assessment of the current status of \textit{Gentiana lutea} L. populations of the Ukrainian Carpathians: Ecological and genetic approaches}, author = {Mariana Prokopiak and Oksana Mayorova and Liudmyla Hrytsak and Halyna Meshko and Nadia Drobyk}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0005}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {42 - 50}, abstract = {Based on the analysis of the genetic polymorphisms (RGAP- and CDDP-PCR) among populations and comparison of these results with ecological characteristics (density, area, spatial and vitality structure, age, ability of renewal and self-maintenance), the status of five natural (Lemska, Gutyn Tomnatyk, Sheshul-Pavlyk, Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka) and one man-made (Pozhyzhevska) populations of Gentiana lutea from the Ukrainian Carpathians was assessed. The results of the complex ecological and genetic analysis have revealed that three populations are unstable (Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka, Gutyn Tomnatyk), two are relatively stable (Lemska, Pozhyzhevska) and only one is stable (Sheshul-Pavlyk). The research results can be used for stabilizing the number of violations and restoring the endangered natural populations. Based on these data, the recommendations for the conservation and protection of G. lutea populations have been developed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the analysis of the genetic polymorphisms (RGAP- and CDDP-PCR) among populations and comparison of these results with ecological characteristics (density, area, spatial and vitality structure, age, ability of renewal and self-maintenance), the status of five natural (Lemska, Gutyn Tomnatyk, Sheshul-Pavlyk, Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka) and one man-made (Pozhyzhevska) populations of Gentiana lutea from the Ukrainian Carpathians was assessed. The results of the complex ecological and genetic analysis have revealed that three populations are unstable (Krachuneska, Troyaska-Tataruka, Gutyn Tomnatyk), two are relatively stable (Lemska, Pozhyzhevska) and only one is stable (Sheshul-Pavlyk). The research results can be used for stabilizing the number of violations and restoring the endangered natural populations. Based on these data, the recommendations for the conservation and protection of G. lutea populations have been developed. |
Abakumov, Evgeny V; Koptseva, Elena M Ecogenesis and primary soil formation on the East European Plain. A review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 51 - 60, 2022. @article{Abakumov2022, title = {Ecogenesis and primary soil formation on the East European Plain. A review}, author = {Evgeny V. Abakumov and Elena M. Koptseva}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0006}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {51 - 60}, abstract = {Numerous published studies have shown that soil formation, including primary pedogenesis, is closely connected functionally, energetically and operationally with ecogenesis as a key biogenic exploration mechanism of the Earth’s surface by living organisms. The ontogenetic stage of soil evolution, especially in the initial phases, is determined by geogenic conditions and the intensity and trends of biogenic-accumulative processes in the developing ecosystem. Primary soils are considered critical in the rapid development of the initial ancient biosphere, supporting multiple environmental possibilities for ecosystems in that stage of their formation. Currently, similar models of correlated soil formation and ecogenesis are actualised when new substrates appear suitable for biogenic-abiogenic interactions, which occur in both natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Biotic factors during primary pedogenesis have accumulative and transformative effects on the edaphic component complex. At this stage, the initial pedon is a key functional stage in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems (biogeocenosis). When restoration of natural ecosystems occurs during the independent growth of exposed substrates, the natural regeneration mechanisms normally occur. These processes are based on the biogenic development of the substrate through the accumulation and transformation of organic matter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Numerous published studies have shown that soil formation, including primary pedogenesis, is closely connected functionally, energetically and operationally with ecogenesis as a key biogenic exploration mechanism of the Earth’s surface by living organisms. The ontogenetic stage of soil evolution, especially in the initial phases, is determined by geogenic conditions and the intensity and trends of biogenic-accumulative processes in the developing ecosystem. Primary soils are considered critical in the rapid development of the initial ancient biosphere, supporting multiple environmental possibilities for ecosystems in that stage of their formation. Currently, similar models of correlated soil formation and ecogenesis are actualised when new substrates appear suitable for biogenic-abiogenic interactions, which occur in both natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Biotic factors during primary pedogenesis have accumulative and transformative effects on the edaphic component complex. At this stage, the initial pedon is a key functional stage in the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems (biogeocenosis). When restoration of natural ecosystems occurs during the independent growth of exposed substrates, the natural regeneration mechanisms normally occur. These processes are based on the biogenic development of the substrate through the accumulation and transformation of organic matter. |
Ignatenko, Roman Viktorovich; Efimova, Lyubov Alexandrovna; Nikerova, Ksenia Mikhailovna The cytogenetic parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. under conditions of the Far North of Russia (Karelia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 61 - 69, 2022. @article{Ignatenko2022, title = {The cytogenetic parameters of \textit{Pinus sylvestris} L. under conditions of the Far North of Russia (Karelia)}, author = {Roman Viktorovich Ignatenko and Lyubov Alexandrovna Efimova and Ksenia Mikhailovna Nikerova}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0007}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {61 - 69}, abstract = {The cytogenetic analysis of the Pinus sylvestris L. seed progeny in the forests of the northern taiga in the Far North of Russia conditions was carried out. Two Pinus sylvestris populations growing in Ambarnskoy and Pyaozerskoy forest divisions of Loukhsky district of Karelia Republic were studied. The number of chromosomes, the frequency and types of mitosis disturbances at the metaphase, anaphase and telophase (as a percentage of the total number of dividing cells at the same stages), and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, as well as the laboratory seed germination, were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that 50–56% of the studied sprouts were mixoploid. Analysis of mitosis showed that the root meristem of the studied samples contained cells with various pathologies; simultaneously, the frequency of mitosis pathologies in the Ambarnskoy population was significantly higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one. It amounted to 6.8 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Nine types of abnormalities were identified; chromosome overrun and bridges prevailed. Micronuclei were registered in 35–38% of the studied Pinus sylvestris sprouts. At the same time, the proportion of cells with micronuclei in the Ambarnskoy population was 2-fold higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one and averaged 0.12 ± 0.03% and 0.07 ± 0.02%, respectively.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The cytogenetic analysis of the Pinus sylvestris L. seed progeny in the forests of the northern taiga in the Far North of Russia conditions was carried out. Two Pinus sylvestris populations growing in Ambarnskoy and Pyaozerskoy forest divisions of Loukhsky district of Karelia Republic were studied. The number of chromosomes, the frequency and types of mitosis disturbances at the metaphase, anaphase and telophase (as a percentage of the total number of dividing cells at the same stages), and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, as well as the laboratory seed germination, were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that 50–56% of the studied sprouts were mixoploid. Analysis of mitosis showed that the root meristem of the studied samples contained cells with various pathologies; simultaneously, the frequency of mitosis pathologies in the Ambarnskoy population was significantly higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one. It amounted to 6.8 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Nine types of abnormalities were identified; chromosome overrun and bridges prevailed. Micronuclei were registered in 35–38% of the studied Pinus sylvestris sprouts. At the same time, the proportion of cells with micronuclei in the Ambarnskoy population was 2-fold higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one and averaged 0.12 ± 0.03% and 0.07 ± 0.02%, respectively. |
Nuñez, Luis Manuel Valenzuela; Sifuentes, Aldo Rafael Martínez; Herrera, José Antonio Hernández; de la Peña, Cristina García; Contreras, Edwin Amir Briceño; Saucedo, Julio César Ríos; Guerrero, Enrique Melo Spatial exploration, dendrometric characteristics and prediction models of wood production in a stand of Acacia schaffneri in Durango, Mexico Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 70 - 79, 2022. @article{Nuñez2022, title = {Spatial exploration, dendrometric characteristics and prediction models of wood production in a stand of \textit{Acacia schaffneri} in Durango, Mexico}, author = {Luis Manuel Valenzuela Nuñez and Aldo Rafael Martínez Sifuentes and José Antonio Hernández Herrera and Cristina García de la Peña and Edwin Amir Briceño Contreras and Julio César Ríos Saucedo and Enrique Melo Guerrero}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0008}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {70 - 79}, abstract = {Degraded vegetation is the result of a process that affects structural and functional characteristics. Tree species from the Acacia genus are very important to the ecosystem in semi-arid lands due to their participation in the recovery of highly degraded areas. One of the most important species among this genus is A. schaffneri. The status of a forest stand is determined according to its structure, including height, stratum and density. Remote sensing is a valuable method for estimating volumetric stocks and associated changes in forest populations over established periods of time. The objective of this research was to estimate wood volume of A. schaffneri using remote sensing, and to complement that information with the results obtained from an estimation method based on forest measurements. The results obtained showed that the crown area was the dendrometric variable that can be used in a wood volume prediction model. In the exploratory analysis between dendrometric variables and remote sensing showed low and negative associations were observed in the four stations analyzed. There are conservation problems due to anthropogenic activities, among which stands out the intensive grazing that results in a decrease of the natural regeneration capacity of Acacia schaffneri.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Degraded vegetation is the result of a process that affects structural and functional characteristics. Tree species from the Acacia genus are very important to the ecosystem in semi-arid lands due to their participation in the recovery of highly degraded areas. One of the most important species among this genus is A. schaffneri. The status of a forest stand is determined according to its structure, including height, stratum and density. Remote sensing is a valuable method for estimating volumetric stocks and associated changes in forest populations over established periods of time. The objective of this research was to estimate wood volume of A. schaffneri using remote sensing, and to complement that information with the results obtained from an estimation method based on forest measurements. The results obtained showed that the crown area was the dendrometric variable that can be used in a wood volume prediction model. In the exploratory analysis between dendrometric variables and remote sensing showed low and negative associations were observed in the four stations analyzed. There are conservation problems due to anthropogenic activities, among which stands out the intensive grazing that results in a decrease of the natural regeneration capacity of Acacia schaffneri. |
Shanjani, Parvin Salehi; Rasoulzadeh, Leila; Javadi, Hamideh Evaluation of Achillea, Matricaria, and Anthemis plants following selection for drought tolerance at seedling stages Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 49 (1), pp. 80 - 91, 2022. @article{Shanjani2022, title = {Evaluation of \textit{Achillea}, \textit{Matricaria}, and \textit{Anthemis} plants following selection for drought tolerance at seedling stages}, author = {Parvin Salehi Shanjani and Leila Rasoulzadeh and Hamideh Javadi}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2022-0009}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, pages = {80 - 91}, abstract = {The genetic potentials of eight species of Achillea (A. millefolium, A. fillipendulla, A. biebersteinii, A. nobilis, A. eriophora), Matricaria (M. ricotita), and Anthemis (An. haussknechtii and An. tinctoria) under drought conditions during the seedling stage were measured. Non-ionic water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 6000) was used to simulate water stress at five osmotic potential levels (0, –0.3, –0.6, –0.9, and –1.2 MPa). An acceptable threshold value for germination was osmotic potential –0.6 MPa, and the modest osmotic potential was –1.2 MPa for studied taxa. Seedlings of germinated at two control and osmotic potential –0.6 MPa (as an acceptable threshold value for germination) treatments were sowed in a field under rainfed conditions. Genetic differentiation of control plants (CP) versus early selected plants (ESP, germinated at osmotic potential –0.6 MPa) was studied using morphological, physiological, and molecular (ISSR) markers. No significant differences were observed between morphological traits of CP and ESP in all species, however, days to full flowering shortened in ESP. The physiological results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions, the ESP, in a quick response, collect osmolytes and amplify the activity of antioxidative enzymes to survive drought. The genetic relationship in the group of genotypes, that ISSR marker set it out, is affiliated to taxon even though AMOVA showed a partial differentiation between CP and ESP groups (21%). It was concluded that the selection of tolerating individuals at the seedling stage represents a likely positive strategy to have higher drought tolerance feature in plants under rainfed conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The genetic potentials of eight species of Achillea (A. millefolium, A. fillipendulla, A. biebersteinii, A. nobilis, A. eriophora), Matricaria (M. ricotita), and Anthemis (An. haussknechtii and An. tinctoria) under drought conditions during the seedling stage were measured. Non-ionic water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 6000) was used to simulate water stress at five osmotic potential levels (0, –0.3, –0.6, –0.9, and –1.2 MPa). An acceptable threshold value for germination was osmotic potential –0.6 MPa, and the modest osmotic potential was –1.2 MPa for studied taxa. Seedlings of germinated at two control and osmotic potential –0.6 MPa (as an acceptable threshold value for germination) treatments were sowed in a field under rainfed conditions. Genetic differentiation of control plants (CP) versus early selected plants (ESP, germinated at osmotic potential –0.6 MPa) was studied using morphological, physiological, and molecular (ISSR) markers. No significant differences were observed between morphological traits of CP and ESP in all species, however, days to full flowering shortened in ESP. The physiological results demonstrate that under rainfed conditions, the ESP, in a quick response, collect osmolytes and amplify the activity of antioxidative enzymes to survive drought. The genetic relationship in the group of genotypes, that ISSR marker set it out, is affiliated to taxon even though AMOVA showed a partial differentiation between CP and ESP groups (21%). It was concluded that the selection of tolerating individuals at the seedling stage represents a likely positive strategy to have higher drought tolerance feature in plants under rainfed conditions. |
➤ Volume 48(2) 2021
Koshelev, Olexander; Koshelev, Vasiliy; Fedushko, Marina; Zhukov, Olexander Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 118 - 135, 2021. @article{Koshelev2021, title = {Annual course of temperature and precipitation as proximal predictors of birds’ responses to climatic changes on the species and community level}, author = {Olexander Koshelev and Vasiliy Koshelev and Marina Fedushko and Olexander Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0001-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0013}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {118 - 135}, abstract = {The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study was conducted in the landscapes of south-eastern Ukraine during the nesting seasons 1988–2018. Within the landscape system associated with the Molochny Estuary, the ten most important ecosystem types were investigated, including the following: agricultural land, vegetated strips, meadows, islands and spits, reedbeds, urban areas, salt marshes, steppe, cliffs, artificial forests. Bird species responded to temperature and precipitation gradients. The patterns of responses were presented using Huisman, Olff and Fresco expanded by the Jansen-Oksanen hierarchical models. The nature of species response in the gradient of temperature or precipitation conditions depends on the type of particular ecosystem and is not uniform for all populations inhabiting the different landscape types. The bird communities were revealed to demonstrate an abrupt dynamic over time. The continuous changes in community structure initiated by the external environmental factors are combined with modifications of internal biotic interactions, which may lead to abrupt reorganization of the community. |
Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Ioannidis, Kostas Constructing single-entry stem volume models for four economically important tree species of Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 136 - 146, 2021. @article{Koulelis2021, title = {Constructing single-entry stem volume models for four economically important tree species of Greece}, author = {Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Kostas Ioannidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0014}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {136 - 146}, abstract = {Three different nonlinear regression models were tested for their ability to predict stem volume for economically important native tree species in Greece. Τhe models were evaluated using adjusted R square (Adj Rsqr) root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AICc), where necessary. In general, the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial models and the two-parameter power models fit the data well. Although the two-parameter power function fit best for fir, oak, and beech trees, the cubic polynomial model produced the best fit statistics for black pine. Making forest inventory estimates often involves predicting tree volumes from only the diameter at breast height (DBH) and merchantable height. This study covers important gaps in fast and cost-effective methods for calculating the volume of tree species at national level. However, the increasing need for reliable estimates of inventory components and volume changes requires more accurate volume estimation techniques. Especially when those estimates concern the national inventory, those models must be validated using an entire range of age/diameter and site classes of each species before their extended use across the country to promote the sustainable use of forest resources.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Three different nonlinear regression models were tested for their ability to predict stem volume for economically important native tree species in Greece. Τhe models were evaluated using adjusted R square (Adj Rsqr) root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AICc), where necessary. In general, the quadratic polynomial and cubic polynomial models and the two-parameter power models fit the data well. Although the two-parameter power function fit best for fir, oak, and beech trees, the cubic polynomial model produced the best fit statistics for black pine. Making forest inventory estimates often involves predicting tree volumes from only the diameter at breast height (DBH) and merchantable height. This study covers important gaps in fast and cost-effective methods for calculating the volume of tree species at national level. However, the increasing need for reliable estimates of inventory components and volume changes requires more accurate volume estimation techniques. Especially when those estimates concern the national inventory, those models must be validated using an entire range of age/diameter and site classes of each species before their extended use across the country to promote the sustainable use of forest resources. |
Langraf, Vladimír; Petrovičová, Kornélia; Krumpálová, Zuzana; Svoradová, Andrea; Schlarmannová, Janka Dispersion of the epigeic fauna groups in the agricultural landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 147 - 155, 2021. @article{Langraf2021, title = {Dispersion of the epigeic fauna groups in the agricultural landscape}, author = {Vladimír Langraf and Kornélia Petrovičová and Zuzana Krumpálová and Andrea Svoradová and Janka Schlarmannová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0003-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0015}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {147 - 155}, abstract = {Changes in the structure of epigeic animal groups indicate ecological stability, which are influenced by urbanization, agriculture, and forestry. The aim of the paper was to assess the impact of agrarian land in the vicinity of urban and suburban landscape and non-fragmented forest in the vicinity of rural landscape on the occurrence of epigeic groups. We recorded the pitfall traps - 19, 676 individuals belonging to 20 taxonomic groups at 9 localities representing 7 types of habitat. Our results indicate a year-on-year increase in the number of individuals of epigeic groups in the city, with surrounding agrarian land. We found a correlation between eudominant epigeic groups of Aranea and Hymenoptera and rural landscape with the non-fragmented surrounding. Coleoptera has shown a link between the conditions of urban and suburban landscape with the surrounding developed agriculture. We confirmed a statistically significant effect for luminosity (p = 0.002), humidity (p = 0.025) and pH (p = 0.017).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes in the structure of epigeic animal groups indicate ecological stability, which are influenced by urbanization, agriculture, and forestry. The aim of the paper was to assess the impact of agrarian land in the vicinity of urban and suburban landscape and non-fragmented forest in the vicinity of rural landscape on the occurrence of epigeic groups. We recorded the pitfall traps - 19, 676 individuals belonging to 20 taxonomic groups at 9 localities representing 7 types of habitat. Our results indicate a year-on-year increase in the number of individuals of epigeic groups in the city, with surrounding agrarian land. We found a correlation between eudominant epigeic groups of Aranea and Hymenoptera and rural landscape with the non-fragmented surrounding. Coleoptera has shown a link between the conditions of urban and suburban landscape with the surrounding developed agriculture. We confirmed a statistically significant effect for luminosity (p = 0.002), humidity (p = 0.025) and pH (p = 0.017). |
Tabasi, Melika; Mehrabian, Ahmadreza; Sayadi, Sadaf Distribution patterns and conservation status of Crocus species in Iran, one of the diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 156 - 168, 2021. @article{Tabasi2021, title = {Distribution patterns and conservation status of Crocus species in Iran, one of the diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East}, author = {Melika Tabasi and Ahmadreza Mehrabian and Sadaf Sayadi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0016}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {156 - 168}, abstract = {Assessing distribution patterns of valuable taxa plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation of these taxa. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) comprises about 100 species that are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and western Asia. The present study purposed to assess the distribution patterns of Iranian Crocus species (including C. sativus L. and 8 wild species) and their conservation status in Iran as one of diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East. A set of geographic distribution data was compiled through field studies, and reviews of herbarium specimens, iNaturalist, and various Flora. Localities were marked on geo-referenced maps (1/106) of Iran using ArcView version 3.2 (Esri, 2000). The distribution patterns of the taxa were mapped per 0.25° × 0.25° universal transverse Mercator grid cells (25 km2 with the exception of boundary area). Based on the species distribution (SDI) (33%) and species specialization (SSI) (44%) indices, those Iranian Crocus species that are threatened are mainly distributed in Irano-Turanian region. The mountainous ecosystems of Almeh and Western Alborz are important distribution centers of these taxa. Iranian Crocus species with SSI < 0.5 (C. almehensis, C. gilanicus, C. michelsonii, and C. caspius) have the highest conservation value.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Assessing distribution patterns of valuable taxa plays an important role in the biodiversity conservation of these taxa. The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) comprises about 100 species that are distributed mainly in the Mediterranean region and western Asia. The present study purposed to assess the distribution patterns of Iranian Crocus species (including C. sativus L. and 8 wild species) and their conservation status in Iran as one of diversity centers of Crocus in the Middle East. A set of geographic distribution data was compiled through field studies, and reviews of herbarium specimens, iNaturalist, and various Flora. Localities were marked on geo-referenced maps (1/106) of Iran using ArcView version 3.2 (Esri, 2000). The distribution patterns of the taxa were mapped per 0.25° × 0.25° universal transverse Mercator grid cells (25 km2 with the exception of boundary area). Based on the species distribution (SDI) (33%) and species specialization (SSI) (44%) indices, those Iranian Crocus species that are threatened are mainly distributed in Irano-Turanian region. The mountainous ecosystems of Almeh and Western Alborz are important distribution centers of these taxa. Iranian Crocus species with SSI < 0.5 (C. almehensis, C. gilanicus, C. michelsonii, and C. caspius) have the highest conservation value. |
Petluš, Peter; Petlušová, Viera; Baláž, Ivan; Ševčík, Michal; Lešová, Andrea; Hapl, Ervín Impact of management measures on the European ground squirrel population development Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 169 - 179, 2021. @article{Petluš2021, title = {Impact of management measures on the European ground squirrel population development}, author = {Peter Petluš and Viera Petlušová and Ivan Baláž and Michal Ševčík and Andrea Lešová and Ervín Hapl}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0005-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0017}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {169 - 179}, abstract = {In the past, the European ground squirrel represented a common part of Slovakian fauna. During the 20th century, there was a substantial decrease in its number, mainly due to the intensification of agriculture. Currently, several programs focused on the recovery and preservation of ground squirrel colonies have been implemented. The aim in supporting the population of the European ground squirrel is to increase the number of birds of prey and to ensure a food base for them. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the success rate of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) management measures. The research was realized at two localities in the Protected Bird Area Slovenský kras (Hrhov and Gemerská Hôrka) in the years 2015–2018. Activities were focused on the management of grassland and supplemental feeding during the breeding period. As a result of the management measures and the supplemental feeding, we managed to maintain a positive trend in the populations’ development, as there was an increase observed in all the monitored seasons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the past, the European ground squirrel represented a common part of Slovakian fauna. During the 20th century, there was a substantial decrease in its number, mainly due to the intensification of agriculture. Currently, several programs focused on the recovery and preservation of ground squirrel colonies have been implemented. The aim in supporting the population of the European ground squirrel is to increase the number of birds of prey and to ensure a food base for them. In this paper, we focus on evaluating the success rate of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) management measures. The research was realized at two localities in the Protected Bird Area Slovenský kras (Hrhov and Gemerská Hôrka) in the years 2015–2018. Activities were focused on the management of grassland and supplemental feeding during the breeding period. As a result of the management measures and the supplemental feeding, we managed to maintain a positive trend in the populations’ development, as there was an increase observed in all the monitored seasons. |
Al-Traboulsi, Manal; Wilsey, Brian; Potvin, Catherine The effect of long-term CO2 enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 180 - 190, 2021. @article{Al-Traboulsi2021, title = {The effect of long-term CO_{2} enrichment on carbon and nitrogen content of roots and soil of natural pastureland}, author = {Manal Al-Traboulsi and Brian Wilsey and Catherine Potvin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0018}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {180 - 190}, abstract = {Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4+-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 may change C and N dynamics in pasture ecosystems. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of four years of CO2 enrichment on soil and root composition and soil N transformation in natural pastureland. Plots of open-top growth chambers were continuously injected with ambient CO2 (350 µL L–1) and elevated CO2 (625 µL L–1). Soil cores exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 treatment were incubated and collected each year. Net N-mineralization rates in soil (NH4+-N plus NO3ˉ–-N), in addition to total C and N content (%) of soil and root tissues were measured. Results revealed that elevated CO2 caused a significant reduction in soil NO3 (P < 0.05), however, no significant CO2 effect was found on total soil C and N content (%). Roots of plants grown under elevated CO2 treatment had higher C/N ratios. Changes in root C/N ratios were driven by changes in root N concentrations as total root N content (%) was significantly reduced by 30% (P < 0.05). Overall, findings suggest that the effects of CO2 enrichment was more noticeable on N content (%) than C content (%) of soil and roots; elevated CO2 significantly affected soil N-mineralization and total N content (%) in roots, however, no substantial change was found in C inputs in CO2-enriched soil. |
Makaida, Maksym V; Pakhomov, Oleksander Y; Brygadyrenko, Viktor V Effect of increased ambient temperature on seasonal generation number in Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 191 - 198, 2021. @article{Makaida2021, title = {Effect of increased ambient temperature on seasonal generation number in Lucilia sericata (Diptera, Calliphoridae)}, author = {Maksym V. Makaida and Oleksander Y. Pakhomov and Viktor V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0019}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {191 - 198}, abstract = {Global climate change and, specifically, rising temperatures, may increase the number of generations of necrophagous insects. The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) ranks among the most important cosmopolitan necrophagous insects that utilize corpses and cause myiasis in farm animals and humans. Based on the data simulations, the use of accumulated degree-hours enables to calculate the number of generations of this forensically important species of blowfly with a greater accuracy than before, considering short-term increases of temperature at the boundary of the cold and warm seasons. The number of generations of L. sericata has increased from 7.65 to 8.46 in the Ukrainian steppe zone over the last 15 years, while the active developmental period of this species has increased by 25 days due to earlier start in spring. The average temperature increase of 1 °C increased the number of generations of L. sericata by 0.85. With a global climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario (average temperature increase of 2.4 °C), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100 the number of generations of L. sericata in a simulated ecosystem will increase by 2.0 to 9.0 generations per year.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Global climate change and, specifically, rising temperatures, may increase the number of generations of necrophagous insects. The common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) ranks among the most important cosmopolitan necrophagous insects that utilize corpses and cause myiasis in farm animals and humans. Based on the data simulations, the use of accumulated degree-hours enables to calculate the number of generations of this forensically important species of blowfly with a greater accuracy than before, considering short-term increases of temperature at the boundary of the cold and warm seasons. The number of generations of L. sericata has increased from 7.65 to 8.46 in the Ukrainian steppe zone over the last 15 years, while the active developmental period of this species has increased by 25 days due to earlier start in spring. The average temperature increase of 1 °C increased the number of generations of L. sericata by 0.85. With a global climate change following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario (average temperature increase of 2.4 °C), adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2100 the number of generations of L. sericata in a simulated ecosystem will increase by 2.0 to 9.0 generations per year. |
Foxx, Alicia J; Wojcik, Siobhán T Plasticity in response to soil texture affects the relationships between a shoot and root trait and responses vary by population Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 199 - 204, 2021. @article{Foxx2021, title = {Plasticity in response to soil texture affects the relationships between a shoot and root trait and responses vary by population}, author = {Alicia J. Foxx and Siobhán T. Wojcik}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0008-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0020}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {199 - 204}, abstract = {The relationships between shoot and root traits can inform plant selection for restoration, forestry, and agriculture and help to identify relationships that inform plant productivity and enhance their performance. But the strength of coordination between above- and belowground morphological and physiological traits varies due to differences in edaphic properties and population variation. More assessments are needed to determine what conditions influence these relationships. So, we tested whether plant population and soil texture affect the relationship between shoot and root traits which have important ecological ramifications for competition and resource capture: shoot height and root tip production. We grew seedlings of two populations of Bromus tectorum due to is fast growing nature in a growth chamber in loam soil, sand, and clay. We found variation in height by plant population and the substrate used (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.0001), and variation in root tip production by the substrate used (R2 = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Importantly, we found that relationships between shoot height and root tip production varied by soil texture and population (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.0001), and growth in sand produced the strongest relationship and was the most water deficient substrate (R2 = 0.32). This shows that screening populations under several environments influences appropriate plant selection.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The relationships between shoot and root traits can inform plant selection for restoration, forestry, and agriculture and help to identify relationships that inform plant productivity and enhance their performance. But the strength of coordination between above- and belowground morphological and physiological traits varies due to differences in edaphic properties and population variation. More assessments are needed to determine what conditions influence these relationships. So, we tested whether plant population and soil texture affect the relationship between shoot and root traits which have important ecological ramifications for competition and resource capture: shoot height and root tip production. We grew seedlings of two populations of Bromus tectorum due to is fast growing nature in a growth chamber in loam soil, sand, and clay. We found variation in height by plant population and the substrate used (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.0001), and variation in root tip production by the substrate used (R2 = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Importantly, we found that relationships between shoot height and root tip production varied by soil texture and population (R2 = 0.54, p < 0.0001), and growth in sand produced the strongest relationship and was the most water deficient substrate (R2 = 0.32). This shows that screening populations under several environments influences appropriate plant selection. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis Nickel in forests – a short review on its distribution and fluxes Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 205 - 214, 2021. @article{Michopoulos2021b, title = {Nickel in forests – a short review on its distribution and fluxes}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0009-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0021}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {205 - 214}, abstract = {The distribution and cycling of nickel (Ni) in forests is greatly affected by their proximity to emission sources of the metal. The throughfall deposition is always richer in Ni than the bulk deposition. It can be inferred that some dry deposition enriches the throughfall. In remote forested areas, the hydrological fluxes of Ni do not differ a lot from those in litterfall. In addition, the current year needles in conifers have higher concentrations than the older needles, a sign of absorption and mobility of the metal. In contrast, near an industrial Ni source the older needles accumulate much more of the metal. The Ni content in bark tissue can be used to map the deposition distribution of the metal around an area (rural or urban). The concentrations of Ni in forest soils is also dependent on their distances from the Ni emission sources and the nature of the soil parent material. The Ni concentrations increase with soil depth due to the geogenic origin of the metal. Low pH greatly enhances the mobility of the metal in soils, much more than the leachability of organic matter.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The distribution and cycling of nickel (Ni) in forests is greatly affected by their proximity to emission sources of the metal. The throughfall deposition is always richer in Ni than the bulk deposition. It can be inferred that some dry deposition enriches the throughfall. In remote forested areas, the hydrological fluxes of Ni do not differ a lot from those in litterfall. In addition, the current year needles in conifers have higher concentrations than the older needles, a sign of absorption and mobility of the metal. In contrast, near an industrial Ni source the older needles accumulate much more of the metal. The Ni content in bark tissue can be used to map the deposition distribution of the metal around an area (rural or urban). The concentrations of Ni in forest soils is also dependent on their distances from the Ni emission sources and the nature of the soil parent material. The Ni concentrations increase with soil depth due to the geogenic origin of the metal. Low pH greatly enhances the mobility of the metal in soils, much more than the leachability of organic matter. |
Gubar, Lubov; Koniakin, Serhii Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (2), pp. 215 - 228, 2021. @article{Gubar2021, title = {Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine)}, author = {Lubov Gubar and Serhii Koniakin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0010-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0022}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-07-31}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {2}, pages = {215 - 228}, abstract = {In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential. |
➤ Volume 48(1) 2021
Urban, Peter; Sabo, Peter; Plesník, Jan How to define ecology on the basis of its current understanding? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 1-8, 2021. @article{Urban2020, title = {How to define ecology on the basis of its current understanding?}, author = {Peter Urban and Peter Sabo and Jan Plesník}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0001}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {The frequently used term ecology is currently interpreted in various ways. This scientific discipline has undergone relatively dynamic development since its inception, and its character is still widening and changing. Therefore, in this contribution we attempt to briefly summarize the subject and contents of current ecology, as well as to propose its more systemic and comprehensive definition. We try to enhance its present definitions especially by putting emphasis on the dynamics of nature (the dynamics of natural processes). We define current ecology as the science dealing with the structure, dynamics and functions of nature including evolution, where structure involves the distribution and abundance of individual organisms, habitats and ecosystems; dynamics include all the aspects of their life trajectories and cycles, including growth, development, reproduction or renewal, interactions and their changes, the cycling of matter, flows of energy and information and their transformations; and functions involve the properties, traits and niches of individual organisms and species in an ecosystem, as well as the properties and niches of ecosystems in the landscape, ecoregion or in the whole Earth system.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The frequently used term ecology is currently interpreted in various ways. This scientific discipline has undergone relatively dynamic development since its inception, and its character is still widening and changing. Therefore, in this contribution we attempt to briefly summarize the subject and contents of current ecology, as well as to propose its more systemic and comprehensive definition. We try to enhance its present definitions especially by putting emphasis on the dynamics of nature (the dynamics of natural processes). We define current ecology as the science dealing with the structure, dynamics and functions of nature including evolution, where structure involves the distribution and abundance of individual organisms, habitats and ecosystems; dynamics include all the aspects of their life trajectories and cycles, including growth, development, reproduction or renewal, interactions and their changes, the cycling of matter, flows of energy and information and their transformations; and functions involve the properties, traits and niches of individual organisms and species in an ecosystem, as well as the properties and niches of ecosystems in the landscape, ecoregion or in the whole Earth system. |
Karlin, Marcos Sebastián; Arnulphi, Sebastián Abel; Salazar, Javier Rodolfo Bernasconi Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 9-24, 2021. @article{Karlin2021, title = {Mid-term changes in the physiognomy of plant communities and functional plant groups define successional pathways of mountain vegetation in the province of Córdoba (Argentina)}, author = {Marcos Sebastián Karlin and Sebastián Abel Arnulphi and Javier Rodolfo Bernasconi Salazar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0002}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {9-24}, abstract = {To identify restoration strategies over degraded semi-natural plant communities, successional pathways and their local controls should be identified. The objective of this work is to quantify the changes in the physiognomy and functional groups of plant communities in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba along seven years. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated and arranged in two-phase diagrams, identifying different successional pathways over two soil categories and six plant communities. Du Rietz`s life forms were identified defining several plant functional groups. Results showed two successional pathways in the field of azonal soils and three in the field of intrazonal soils. Rainfall, extent of human-caused disturbances, and plant interactions are the leading causes explaining the changes in the structure of the plant communities. Fire and overgrazing retract the successions by altering the cover of plant communities and their functional groups.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } To identify restoration strategies over degraded semi-natural plant communities, successional pathways and their local controls should be identified. The objective of this work is to quantify the changes in the physiognomy and functional groups of plant communities in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba along seven years. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated and arranged in two-phase diagrams, identifying different successional pathways over two soil categories and six plant communities. Du Rietz`s life forms were identified defining several plant functional groups. Results showed two successional pathways in the field of azonal soils and three in the field of intrazonal soils. Rainfall, extent of human-caused disturbances, and plant interactions are the leading causes explaining the changes in the structure of the plant communities. Fire and overgrazing retract the successions by altering the cover of plant communities and their functional groups. |
Blaženec, Miroslav; Majdák, Andrej; Jakuš, Rastislav Improvement of Ips typographus catches in pheromone trap barriers by altering of sex assigned pheromone blends Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 25-34, 2021. @article{Blaženec2021, title = {Improvement of Ips typographus catches in pheromone trap barriers by altering of sex assigned pheromone blends}, author = {Miroslav Blaženec and Andrej Majdák and Rastislav Jakuš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0003}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {25-34}, abstract = {The present study was based on the idea of a pheromone trap barrier with alternating dispensers releasing different pheromone mixtures that affect males and females differently. We tested the possibility of increasing the catch efficacy of pheromone trap barriers by altering the pheromone mixture with low levels of cis-Verbenol (cV, targeting males, BM), the mixture with high levels of cV (targeting females, BF) and the pheromone mixture with intermediate levels of cV (SL). In addition, we were interested in lowering the dispersion of attracted bark beetles, especially males, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. Significant highest absolute and relative catch was found in the catch of the combination BM–BF, which was 2.2-fold higher than the catch of the control barrier treated with commercial IT Ecolure baits (Fytofarm, Slovakia). At the same time, the lowest dispersal in the surroundings of the barrier with the combination BM–BF was found, which was 2.5-fold lower than in the control barrier. The performance of the BM–BF combination of mixtures was proved in a field trial experiment where the total season catch of the part of the barrier treated with BM–BF dispensers caught 1.5-fold more beetles during the season than the control part treated with IT Ecolure dispensers. Furthermore, the results confirm that the performance of the combination of low levels of cV (targeting males) and high levels of cV (targeting females) is complemented by the desired reduced dispersion around the barrier, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study was based on the idea of a pheromone trap barrier with alternating dispensers releasing different pheromone mixtures that affect males and females differently. We tested the possibility of increasing the catch efficacy of pheromone trap barriers by altering the pheromone mixture with low levels of cis-Verbenol (cV, targeting males, BM), the mixture with high levels of cV (targeting females, BF) and the pheromone mixture with intermediate levels of cV (SL). In addition, we were interested in lowering the dispersion of attracted bark beetles, especially males, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. Significant highest absolute and relative catch was found in the catch of the combination BM–BF, which was 2.2-fold higher than the catch of the control barrier treated with commercial IT Ecolure baits (Fytofarm, Slovakia). At the same time, the lowest dispersal in the surroundings of the barrier with the combination BM–BF was found, which was 2.5-fold lower than in the control barrier. The performance of the BM–BF combination of mixtures was proved in a field trial experiment where the total season catch of the part of the barrier treated with BM–BF dispensers caught 1.5-fold more beetles during the season than the control part treated with IT Ecolure dispensers. Furthermore, the results confirm that the performance of the combination of low levels of cV (targeting males) and high levels of cV (targeting females) is complemented by the desired reduced dispersion around the barrier, which reduces the risk of attack on trees in the surroundings. |
Michopoulos, Panagiotis Arsenic in forests – a short review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 35-41, 2021. @article{Michopoulos2021, title = {Arsenic in forests – a short review}, author = {Panagiotis Michopoulos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0004}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {35-41}, abstract = {The inputs of As in forest ecosystems have declined since the eighties when the higher concentrations of that metalloid were observed due to industrial activities. The As inputs to the forest floor include throughfall and litterfall where dry deposition is an appreciable percentage. This is manifested by the higher As concentration in older needles of conifers and the enrichment of throughfall relative to the bulk deposition. The throughfall and the forest floor convert the inorganic As into methylated organic As and in this way reduce its toxicity. In unpolluted forests the vast percentage of As is retained in soils because the oxides of Fe and Al are very efficient holders. In polluted forested soils the As can become mobile and enrich the surface runoff waters approaching even the threshold value set by the World Health Organization. For this reason forest soils with high concentration of As due to former high loads should be monitored.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The inputs of As in forest ecosystems have declined since the eighties when the higher concentrations of that metalloid were observed due to industrial activities. The As inputs to the forest floor include throughfall and litterfall where dry deposition is an appreciable percentage. This is manifested by the higher As concentration in older needles of conifers and the enrichment of throughfall relative to the bulk deposition. The throughfall and the forest floor convert the inorganic As into methylated organic As and in this way reduce its toxicity. In unpolluted forests the vast percentage of As is retained in soils because the oxides of Fe and Al are very efficient holders. In polluted forested soils the As can become mobile and enrich the surface runoff waters approaching even the threshold value set by the World Health Organization. For this reason forest soils with high concentration of As due to former high loads should be monitored. |
Boyko, Olexandra; Brygadyrenko, Viktor Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 42-48, 2021. @article{Boyko2021, title = {Nematicidal activity of essential oils of medicinal plants}, author = {Olexandra Boyko and Viktor Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0005}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {42-48}, abstract = {We studied the effect of essential oils from Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten., 1881, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, 1825, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, 1925, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, 1830, Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christmann) Swingle, 1913, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, 1939, Pterocarpus santalinus Linnaeus filius, 1782, Pelargonium graveolens L’Héritier, 1789, Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1861, Juniperus communis Linnaeus, 1753, Piper cubeba L.f., 1781, Calendula officinalis L., 1753, Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, 1753, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, 1768 and Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck (pro. sp.) on vitality of free-living larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898, and also survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) under in vitro conditions. The most notable nematicidal properties belong to 0.5% water emulsion of essential oils from C. verum and S. aromaticum: we observed 100% mortality of larvae of S. papillosus L1–3 and H. contortus L3.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied the effect of essential oils from Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten., 1881, Cinnamomum verum J. Presl, 1825, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, 1925, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen, 1830, Rosmarinus officinalis Linnaeus, 1753, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christmann) Swingle, 1913, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry, 1939, Pterocarpus santalinus Linnaeus filius, 1782, Pelargonium graveolens L’Héritier, 1789, Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, 1861, Juniperus communis Linnaeus, 1753, Piper cubeba L.f., 1781, Calendula officinalis L., 1753, Laurus nobilis Linnaeus, 1753, Lavandula angustifolia Miller, 1768 and Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck (pro. sp.) on vitality of free-living larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) Cobb, 1898, and also survivability of eggs of Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782) under in vitro conditions. The most notable nematicidal properties belong to 0.5% water emulsion of essential oils from C. verum and S. aromaticum: we observed 100% mortality of larvae of S. papillosus L1–3 and H. contortus L3. |
Dadach, Mohammed; Mehdadi, Zoheir Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 49-54, 2021. @article{Dadach2021, title = {Drought tolerance of three ethnomedicinal shrubs evaluated based on their seed germination rates at different drought levels induced by using polyethylene glycol (PEG_{6000})}, author = {Mohammed Dadach and Zoheir Mehdadi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0006}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {49-54}, abstract = {Sideritis incana, Stachys ocymastrum, and Thymus fontanesii are medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and occurring in semi-arid lands in northern Algeria and in many other countries along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the ecological and economic interests and also the questionable future these species may meet in their natural habitats, various aspects of their seed biology have not been recognised to this date. This study was intended for in situ conservation of these plants. The problem investigated was the germination response of seeds to different water potential levels attained with using different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, –0.03, –0.07, –0.2, –0.5, –1 and –1.6 MPa). In this way, the appropriate conditions and the threshold tolerance of seed germination against water stress were assessed. Seeds of the three species lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundant and fast in distilled water (S. incana – 65%; S. ocymastrum – 60% and T. fontanseii – 90%). Small seeds of T. fontanesii tolerated more water stress and germinated under up to –1 MPa (–10 bars). Large seeds of S. incana and S. ocymastrum, however, were more sensitive to the drought stress and germinated only under –0.5 MPa (–5 bars). Moreover, more studied parameters were found developing negative reponse under rising drought stress, such as postponed triggering of seed germination, decreased germination velocity and prolonged germination duration, as well as the average time of germination. Therefore, these three plants appear to postpone their establishment until arrival of conditions promising for germination, including sufficient rainfall.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sideritis incana, Stachys ocymastrum, and Thymus fontanesii are medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family and occurring in semi-arid lands in northern Algeria and in many other countries along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the ecological and economic interests and also the questionable future these species may meet in their natural habitats, various aspects of their seed biology have not been recognised to this date. This study was intended for in situ conservation of these plants. The problem investigated was the germination response of seeds to different water potential levels attained with using different amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) (0, –0.03, –0.07, –0.2, –0.5, –1 and –1.6 MPa). In this way, the appropriate conditions and the threshold tolerance of seed germination against water stress were assessed. Seeds of the three species lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundant and fast in distilled water (S. incana – 65%; S. ocymastrum – 60% and T. fontanseii – 90%). Small seeds of T. fontanesii tolerated more water stress and germinated under up to –1 MPa (–10 bars). Large seeds of S. incana and S. ocymastrum, however, were more sensitive to the drought stress and germinated only under –0.5 MPa (–5 bars). Moreover, more studied parameters were found developing negative reponse under rising drought stress, such as postponed triggering of seed germination, decreased germination velocity and prolonged germination duration, as well as the average time of germination. Therefore, these three plants appear to postpone their establishment until arrival of conditions promising for germination, including sufficient rainfall. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Alhamd, Abdulrahman S; Naqvi, Summar A; Eissa, Mamdouh A Adapting date palm offshoots to long-term irrigation using groundwater in sandy soil Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 55-62, 2021. @article{Shareef2021, title = {Adapting date palm offshoots to long-term irrigation using groundwater in sandy soil}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Abdulrahman S. Alhamd and Summar A. Naqvi and Mamdouh A. Eissa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0007}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {55-62}, abstract = {The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatment of two weeks duration shows the most detrimental effect on growth indices and chemical properties of offshoots. The utilization of saline groundwater in the water system of the date palm is the best option among the solutions possible in the current conditions of drought and thermal retention.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The date palm can grow in desert areas using high salinity groundwater by increasing the number of irrigation cycles. A field experiment was carried out on date palm cv. Sayer offshoots grown in sandy saline soil during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The outcomes demonstrated that the application of saline (10 dS m–1) groundwater every four days increased plant height, number of new leaves, total chlorophyll, and relative water content. In turn, the hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage were reduced. Also, the effect of this treatment improved the growth of the plants, thus reduced the absorption of sodium, chloride, and increased potassium, then decreased the Na/K ratio. Cluster analysis showed two distinct cluster groups. In the first group, the dissimilarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of freshwater. While the second group showed the similarity between the treatments of four days and every week in the subgroup. Whereas treatment of two weeks duration shows the most detrimental effect on growth indices and chemical properties of offshoots. The utilization of saline groundwater in the water system of the date palm is the best option among the solutions possible in the current conditions of drought and thermal retention. |
Vysotska, Natalia; Rumiantsev, Maksym; Kobets, Oleksii White poplar (Populus alba L.) stands in Ukraine: the current state, growth specificities and prospects of using for forest plantations Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 63-72, 2021. @article{Vysotska2021, title = {White poplar (Populus alba L.) stands in Ukraine: the current state, growth specificities and prospects of using for forest plantations}, author = {Natalia Vysotska and Maksym Rumiantsev and Oleksii Kobets}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0008}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {63-72}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to assess the current state and evaluate the productivity of white poplar stands by natural zones within Ukraine and to define the prospects for their use for plantation forest cultivation. The objects of the study were white poplar stands in Ukrainian forests grown on the area of more than 7,600 hectares in various natural zones, namely Polissya (forest zone in Ukraine), Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The study was carried out based on the analysis of forest inventory data (Ukrainian forest fund database) containing given stand characteristics such as origin, age, diameter, height, type of forest site conditions, etc. The characteristics were estimated by grouping the plots by age. The growth specificities (dynamics of the main mensuration characteristics) and the productive capacity of the white poplar stands were analyzed based on the developed tables. It was found that white poplar stands are mainly concentrated in Steppe and Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. The stands are of coppice or artificial origin; they grow in moist fairly fertile, fresh fairly fertile and moist fertile sites. The age distribution of the white poplar stands is severely imbalanced due to a significant predominance of stands aged over 40 years in all natural zones within Ukraine. More productive are the white poplar stands growing within Polissya and Forest-Steppe. The developed growth and productivity tables should be used when planning and prioritizing the relevant forestry interventions in white poplar stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to assess the current state and evaluate the productivity of white poplar stands by natural zones within Ukraine and to define the prospects for their use for plantation forest cultivation. The objects of the study were white poplar stands in Ukrainian forests grown on the area of more than 7,600 hectares in various natural zones, namely Polissya (forest zone in Ukraine), Forest-Steppe, and Steppe. The study was carried out based on the analysis of forest inventory data (Ukrainian forest fund database) containing given stand characteristics such as origin, age, diameter, height, type of forest site conditions, etc. The characteristics were estimated by grouping the plots by age. The growth specificities (dynamics of the main mensuration characteristics) and the productive capacity of the white poplar stands were analyzed based on the developed tables. It was found that white poplar stands are mainly concentrated in Steppe and Forest-Steppe in Ukraine. The stands are of coppice or artificial origin; they grow in moist fairly fertile, fresh fairly fertile and moist fertile sites. The age distribution of the white poplar stands is severely imbalanced due to a significant predominance of stands aged over 40 years in all natural zones within Ukraine. More productive are the white poplar stands growing within Polissya and Forest-Steppe. The developed growth and productivity tables should be used when planning and prioritizing the relevant forestry interventions in white poplar stands. |
Jakubcsiková, Michaela; Čerevková, Andrea; Renčo, Marek Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 73-81, 2021. @article{Jakubcsiková2021, title = {Influence of Asclepias syriaca on soil nematode communities}, author = {Michaela Jakubcsiková and Andrea Čerevková and Marek Renčo}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0009}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {73-81}, abstract = {The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) on soil nematode communities. The research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 in an ecosystem of permanent grassland in the basin of the Laborec River in land registries of Drahňov, a Vojany village in southeastern Slovakia. The ecosystem contained a total of 64 species of free-living and parasitic nematodes. The most prevalent trophic groups were bacterial feeders (Acrobeloides nanus), followed by plant parasites (Helicotylenchus digonicus and Pratylenchus pratensis), fungal feeders (Aphelenchus avenae), and omnivores (Eudorylaimus carteri). The number of nematode species, the composition of trophic groups and the structure of communities in areas with invasive plants were similar to those in areas with native vegetation during the two years of observation. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Al-Tememi, Ibtihaj H; Abdi, Gholamreza Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 82-99, 2021. @article{Shareef2021b, title = {Foliar nutrition of date palm: advances and applications. A review}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Ibtihaj H. Al-Tememi and Gholamreza Abdi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0010}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {82-99}, abstract = {Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Foliar fertilization is one of the crucial ways for continued cultivation of date palm, obtaining the best results of growth and production, in addition to the possibility to reduce damage from abiotic stress. Although subjected date palm to an annual fertilization program, it faces some challenges, including low soil availability for nutrients, dryness of the soil surface, low root activity in the breeding period, soil alkalinity, as well as water scarcity in areas of cultivation, and symptoms of deficiency of some elements. This review attempts to shed light on the importance of using leaf fertilization, demonstrating the successful technique and positive results, and proving the ability of date palm cells to absorb nutrients, similar to other trees, and interact with chemical and biological fertilizers. Besides, the leaflet’s possibility of absorbing various nutrients, chelated iron, biostimulants, antioxidants, and nano-fertilization, are presented. |
Adhikari, Jagan Nath; Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad; Thapa, Tej Bahadur Determinants of abundance and habitat association of mammals in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 100-109, 2021. @article{Adhikari2021, title = {Determinants of abundance and habitat association of mammals in Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan, Nepal}, author = {Jagan Nath Adhikari and Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai and Tej Bahadur Thapa}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0011}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {100-109}, abstract = {Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), the biologically functional corridor, is surrounded by the large human settlements that exploit the corridor where large mammals such as tigers, leopards and their prey such as ungulates, primates, and rhinoceros occur. This study aimed to evaluate major determinants that affect the distribution of large mammals in BCF, Chitwan, Nepal that connects the biologically significant Chitwan National Park with the Mahabharat range. The status and distribution of large mammals along the habitat and disturbance gradients were determined by using 29 line transects (mean length = 4.59 ± 0.38 km) that covered a linear distance of 133.13 km. The chital were the most abundant mammals (density per km2 (D) = 8.9095 ± 1.4570 and encounter rate per km (ER) = 1.49) followed by rhesus monkey (D = 38.896 ± 16.013, ER = 0.28), wild boar (D = 14.814 ± 3.57, ER = 0.62), northern red muntjac (D = 9.6566 ± 2.9514, ER = 0.62) and sambar (D = 5.392 ± 2.319, ER = 0.38). Similarly, the sign encounter rate of tiger and leopard was 0.435 and 0.503 respectively. Habitat types, human disturbances, and coverage of invasive and alien plant species (IAPs) played a key role in the distribution of large mammals. The occurrence of mammals was low nearer to the settlements and roads and coverage of IAPs and more nearer to the water resources. However, degradation of foraging grounds such as grasslands by succession and invasion of alien plant species added more threats to the survival of large mammals. Therefore, such a situation can be improved through the scientific management of forests and grasslands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Barandabhar Corridor Forest (BCF), the biologically functional corridor, is surrounded by the large human settlements that exploit the corridor where large mammals such as tigers, leopards and their prey such as ungulates, primates, and rhinoceros occur. This study aimed to evaluate major determinants that affect the distribution of large mammals in BCF, Chitwan, Nepal that connects the biologically significant Chitwan National Park with the Mahabharat range. The status and distribution of large mammals along the habitat and disturbance gradients were determined by using 29 line transects (mean length = 4.59 ± 0.38 km) that covered a linear distance of 133.13 km. The chital were the most abundant mammals (density per km2 (D) = 8.9095 ± 1.4570 and encounter rate per km (ER) = 1.49) followed by rhesus monkey (D = 38.896 ± 16.013, ER = 0.28), wild boar (D = 14.814 ± 3.57, ER = 0.62), northern red muntjac (D = 9.6566 ± 2.9514, ER = 0.62) and sambar (D = 5.392 ± 2.319, ER = 0.38). Similarly, the sign encounter rate of tiger and leopard was 0.435 and 0.503 respectively. Habitat types, human disturbances, and coverage of invasive and alien plant species (IAPs) played a key role in the distribution of large mammals. The occurrence of mammals was low nearer to the settlements and roads and coverage of IAPs and more nearer to the water resources. However, degradation of foraging grounds such as grasslands by succession and invasion of alien plant species added more threats to the survival of large mammals. Therefore, such a situation can be improved through the scientific management of forests and grasslands. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed; Ali, Abdulminam Hussian Effects of different types of gelling agents on in vitro organogenesis and some physicochemical properties of date palm buds, Showathy cv. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 48 (1), pp. 110-117, 2021. @article{Al-Mayahi2021, title = {Effects of different types of gelling agents on in vitro organogenesis and some physicochemical properties of date palm buds, Showathy cv.}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi and Abdulminam Hussian Ali}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2021-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2021-0012}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {48}, number = {1}, pages = {110-117}, abstract = {Some obstacles are associated with in vitro propagation of date palm, such as explant tissue browning, slow callus growth and development, low organogenesis and multiplication efficiency, and frequent tissue vitrification. This investigation studied the effect of five types of gelling agents (Danish Agar, Cero Agar Type 8952, Chile Agar, Gerlite Food Grade, and Agar-Agar.) on in vitro regeneration and bud multiplication of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Showathy. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus producing buds and average bud formation (77.78%, 11.5 buds, and 72.23%, 10.9 buds) were obtained in response to 7 g l–1 Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. A decrease in browning percentage was observed in tissues cultured in the medium gelled with Danish Agar. Observations showed that Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952 eliminated also shoot vitrification. Compared with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.79 and 0.82 mg GAE/g in buds cultured in the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. The macronutrient phosphor, calcium, sodium, and micronutrient boron and copper significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Some obstacles are associated with in vitro propagation of date palm, such as explant tissue browning, slow callus growth and development, low organogenesis and multiplication efficiency, and frequent tissue vitrification. This investigation studied the effect of five types of gelling agents (Danish Agar, Cero Agar Type 8952, Chile Agar, Gerlite Food Grade, and Agar-Agar.) on in vitro regeneration and bud multiplication of Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Showathy. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus producing buds and average bud formation (77.78%, 11.5 buds, and 72.23%, 10.9 buds) were obtained in response to 7 g l–1 Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. A decrease in browning percentage was observed in tissues cultured in the medium gelled with Danish Agar. Observations showed that Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952 eliminated also shoot vitrification. Compared with other treatments, the total amount of phenolic compounds was significantly reduced to 0.79 and 0.82 mg GAE/g in buds cultured in the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952, respectively. The macronutrient phosphor, calcium, sodium, and micronutrient boron and copper significantly increased in the in vitro shoots regenerated on the media gelled with Danish Agar and Cero Agar Type 8952. |
➤ Volume 47(2) 2020 - Special issue: Invasive species in forest, agricultural and urban ecosystems
Zach, Peter; Holecová, Milada; Brabec, Marek; Hollá, Katarína; Šebestová, Miroslava; Martinková, Zdenka; Skuhrovec, Jiří; Honěk, Alois; Nedvěd, Oldřich; Holec, Juraj; Brown, Peter M J; Saniga, Miroslav; Jauschová, Terézia; Kulfan, Ján Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 81–88, 2020. @article{Zach2020, title = {Scots pine forest in Central Europe as a habitat for Harmonia axyridis: temporal and spatial patterns in the population of an alien ladybird}, author = {Peter Zach and Milada Holecová and Marek Brabec and Katarína Hollá and Miroslava Šebestová and Zdenka Martinková and Jiří Skuhrovec and Alois Honěk and Oldřich Nedvěd and Juraj Holec and Peter M.J. Brown and Miroslav Saniga and Terézia Jauschová and Ján Kulfan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0010}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {81–88}, abstract = {Understanding of habitat favourability has wide relevance to the invasion biology of alien species. We studied the seasonal dynamics of the alien ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in monoculture Scots pine forest stands in south-west Slovakia, Central Europe, from April 2013 to March 2015. Adult H. axyridis were collected monthly across seven randomly selected pine stands of different ages and canopy closure, from the lower branches of pine trees, and larvae were recorded qualitatively. Adults were recorded all year round, most abundantly in November and least abundantly in February. The relationship between the abundance of H. axyridis and selected forest stand characteristics was modelled using the negative binomial Generalized Additive Model with penalized spline component in month (seasonality) effect, year, canopy closure and age effects and the random effect of forest stand (sample area effect). The abundance of H. axyridis was significantly influenced by the age of stand and seasonality (with month granularity) for both closed and open canopy stands, whereas the effects of canopy closure and sample area were not significant. The bimodal pattern of seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis on Scots pine was common for closed and open canopy stands, with two peaks reflecting the cyclic movement of the species from and to overwintering sites. Harmonia axyridis utilized certain pine stands preferably for foraging during the growing season and certain stands for refuge during winter. The ladybirds were found in highest numbers in the 15 year old closed canopy stand (overwintering site). The occurrence of both adults and larvae in most stands indicated a suitability of Scots pine forest for ladybird breeding. The model of year-round dynamics of H. axyridis has been presented for the first time within the invaded range of the ladybird in Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Understanding of habitat favourability has wide relevance to the invasion biology of alien species. We studied the seasonal dynamics of the alien ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in monoculture Scots pine forest stands in south-west Slovakia, Central Europe, from April 2013 to March 2015. Adult H. axyridis were collected monthly across seven randomly selected pine stands of different ages and canopy closure, from the lower branches of pine trees, and larvae were recorded qualitatively. Adults were recorded all year round, most abundantly in November and least abundantly in February. The relationship between the abundance of H. axyridis and selected forest stand characteristics was modelled using the negative binomial Generalized Additive Model with penalized spline component in month (seasonality) effect, year, canopy closure and age effects and the random effect of forest stand (sample area effect). The abundance of H. axyridis was significantly influenced by the age of stand and seasonality (with month granularity) for both closed and open canopy stands, whereas the effects of canopy closure and sample area were not significant. The bimodal pattern of seasonal dynamics of H. axyridis on Scots pine was common for closed and open canopy stands, with two peaks reflecting the cyclic movement of the species from and to overwintering sites. Harmonia axyridis utilized certain pine stands preferably for foraging during the growing season and certain stands for refuge during winter. The ladybirds were found in highest numbers in the 15 year old closed canopy stand (overwintering site). The occurrence of both adults and larvae in most stands indicated a suitability of Scots pine forest for ladybird breeding. The model of year-round dynamics of H. axyridis has been presented for the first time within the invaded range of the ladybird in Europe. |
Urban, Peter; Guimarães, Nuno; Bučko, Jozef Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 89–99, 2020. @article{Urban2020b, title = {Golden jackal, a natural disperser or an invasive alien species in Slovakia? A summary within European context}, author = {Peter Urban and Nuno Guimarães and Jozef Bučko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0011}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {89–99}, abstract = {This summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This summary provides an overview of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) categorization in Europe with particular focus on its presence in Slovakia. The distribution range of this species in Europe has been expanding in recent decades. Currently, European population is in constant and fast increase, widening their ranges towards Central and Eastern Europe and more recently in some western countries. All over Europe, the categorization of the golden jackal status is discussed with some controversial. A recent genetic study helped to determine that golden jackals do not meet the established three criteria, which categorize a species as an invasive alien species. In Slovakia, golden jackals’ numbers grown considerably in the last decade and with an increasing of their distribution through the country it became a permanent species of the Slovak fauna. The only internal status is the hunting Act no. 274/2009, which classifies it as, game species. The fast adaptation and dispersion through Slovakia can be considered similar to the behaviour of an invasive species, as suggested in previous studies in Hungary. Based on widely accepted definitions, agreed under international legal instruments, it is quite clear that the term ‘Invasive Alien Species’ only encompasses non-native species specifically introduced by humans (intentionally or accidentally). Following this Invasive Alien Species terminology, golden jackals cannot be categorized as such in Slovakia. The natural expansion, the growing ranges, and the increase in numbers of the golden jackal in Slovakia in the last decades points to a need to improve the knowledge of the species. |
Slezák, Michal; Farkašovská, Štefánia; Hrivnák, Richard Non-native plant species in alder-dominated forests in Slovakia: what does the regional- and the local-scale approach bring? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 100–108, 2020. @article{Slezák2020, title = {Non-native plant species in alder-dominated forests in Slovakia: what does the regional- and the local-scale approach bring?}, author = {Michal Slezák and Štefánia Farkašovská and Richard Hrivnák}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0012}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {100–108}, abstract = {European riparian forests are in general susceptible to plant invasions compared to other natural forest habitats. Their descriptive vegetation overviews with phytosociological affiliation contain detail insight into species composition patterns at various geographical scales, but quantitative assessment of the relationship between non-native plant richness and measured environmental variables is still scarce. We used two vegetation datasets of alder-dominated forests to analyse plant invasion patterns in the Pannonian and the Carpathian region of Slovakia. A large dataset of 918 vegetation plots was used at the regional scale, whereas 40 vegetation plots completed by ecological (mainly soil, climatic) predictors were used at the local scale in order to determine how they shape non-native species richness. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) between the Pannonian and the Carpathian region in the number of non-native vascular plants at both scales, with altitude being the most important predictor. Generalized Linear Models accounted for 56.6% and 59.6% of alien species richness data in the Pannonian and Carpathian region, respectively. Alien richness was affected by altitude and soil pH in the Pannonian region, but only by altitude in the Carpathian region.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } European riparian forests are in general susceptible to plant invasions compared to other natural forest habitats. Their descriptive vegetation overviews with phytosociological affiliation contain detail insight into species composition patterns at various geographical scales, but quantitative assessment of the relationship between non-native plant richness and measured environmental variables is still scarce. We used two vegetation datasets of alder-dominated forests to analyse plant invasion patterns in the Pannonian and the Carpathian region of Slovakia. A large dataset of 918 vegetation plots was used at the regional scale, whereas 40 vegetation plots completed by ecological (mainly soil, climatic) predictors were used at the local scale in order to determine how they shape non-native species richness. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) between the Pannonian and the Carpathian region in the number of non-native vascular plants at both scales, with altitude being the most important predictor. Generalized Linear Models accounted for 56.6% and 59.6% of alien species richness data in the Pannonian and Carpathian region, respectively. Alien richness was affected by altitude and soil pH in the Pannonian region, but only by altitude in the Carpathian region. |
Supuka, Ján; Tóth, Attila; Bihuňová, Mária; Verešová, Martina; Šinka, Karol Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 109–120, 2020. @article{Supuka2020, title = {Alien and native woody plants in scattered vegetation in agricultural landscape}, author = {Ján Supuka and Attila Tóth and Mária Bihuňová and Martina Verešová and Karol Šinka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0013}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {109–120}, abstract = {The woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The woody plant species composition has been evaluated in three cadastral territories of southwestern Slovakia, together in 77 habitats of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV). A total of 43 tree species have been identified; 8 of them were alien and 5 species were cultural fruit trees. In total 20 shrub species were identified, out of which 3 were alien. Three woody species are classified as invasive according to the law in Slovakia: Acer negundo L., Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Lycium barbarum L. They occurred only in 2, maximum in 4 of the evaluated habitats. The most occurring alien tree species Robinia pseudoacacia L. was generally identified in 58 habitats and in 48 habitats, with an incidence over 40% and dominance index of 70.6. The second most occurring alien tree Populus × canadensis had a dominance index of 8.3. The dominant native trees in NFWV were Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus robur L., Salix fragilis L. with the dominance index of 1–5 only. |
Ferus, Peter; Hoťka, Peter; Košútová, Dominika; Konôpková, Jana Invasions of alien woody plant taxa across a cluster of villages neighbouring the Mlyňany Arboretum (SW Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 121-130, 2020. @article{Ferus2020, title = {Invasions of alien woody plant taxa across a cluster of villages neighbouring the Mlyňany Arboretum (SW Slovakia)}, author = {Peter Ferus and Peter Hoťka and Dominika Košútová and Jana Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0014}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {121-130}, abstract = {Ornamental plantations in cities and particularly botanical gardens and arboreta are rich sources of alien flora. Mlyňany Arboretum, established in 1892, cultivates 1049 non-native woody plant species on the area of 67 ha. In this work we answered following questions: 1. How many taxa are spontaneously spreading in the arboretum and how is the spreading intensity related to their ecological demands and reproduction traits? 2. How many taxa appear behind the fence? 3. How far from the arboretum they can get? 4. Do private gardens and historical aristocratic park in the studied village cluster contribute to species escapes from culture? 5. Which from the widely spread taxa can represent future risk of invasiveness on the national level? We found that about one tenth of taxa spread across the arboretum (particularly Cotoneaster spp., Prunus laurocerasus, P. serotina and Quercus rubra) and number of their seedlings corresponded only with the mother plant number. Almost one third of these species left the arboretum and their seedlings were observed in distance up to 500 m from the village (mainly Mahonia aquifolium, P. serotina). Private gardens were a large source of Juglans regia seedlings, frequency of which decreased with the distance from villages (no species escaped from the historical park). Weed risk assessment revealed potential invasion danger only for Amorpha fruticosa.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ornamental plantations in cities and particularly botanical gardens and arboreta are rich sources of alien flora. Mlyňany Arboretum, established in 1892, cultivates 1049 non-native woody plant species on the area of 67 ha. In this work we answered following questions: 1. How many taxa are spontaneously spreading in the arboretum and how is the spreading intensity related to their ecological demands and reproduction traits? 2. How many taxa appear behind the fence? 3. How far from the arboretum they can get? 4. Do private gardens and historical aristocratic park in the studied village cluster contribute to species escapes from culture? 5. Which from the widely spread taxa can represent future risk of invasiveness on the national level? We found that about one tenth of taxa spread across the arboretum (particularly Cotoneaster spp., Prunus laurocerasus, P. serotina and Quercus rubra) and number of their seedlings corresponded only with the mother plant number. Almost one third of these species left the arboretum and their seedlings were observed in distance up to 500 m from the village (mainly Mahonia aquifolium, P. serotina). Private gardens were a large source of Juglans regia seedlings, frequency of which decreased with the distance from villages (no species escaped from the historical park). Weed risk assessment revealed potential invasion danger only for Amorpha fruticosa. |
Paulin, Márton; Hirka, Anikó; Eötvös, Csaba Béla; Gáspár, Csaba; Fürjes-Mikó, Ágnes; Csóka, György Known and predicted impacts of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in European oak ecosystems – a review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 131-139, 2020. @article{Paulin2020, title = {Known and predicted impacts of the invasive oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) in European oak ecosystems – a review}, author = {Márton Paulin and Anikó Hirka and Csaba Béla Eötvös and Csaba Gáspár and Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó and György Csóka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0015}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {131-139}, abstract = {The North American oak lace bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata) was first found in Europe in northern Italy in 2000, and up to 2019 it was recorded in 20 countries. Almost all Eurasian deciduous oak species are suitable hosts and the species can also feed on many other woody plants. At least 30 million hectares of oak forests provide suitable hosts for the OLB, meaning that the lack of suitable hosts will not restrict its further spread. Detailed studies on the long-term impact of the species are not yet available but there are many good reasons to assume that it poses multiple threats to oaks and oak ecosystems. In the long term, it may have negative effects on oak health, growth, and acorn crops. Many of other oak-associated species will likely also be negatively affected. So far, no effective and environmentally tolerable large scale control method is known for OLB.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The North American oak lace bug (OLB, Corythucha arcuata) was first found in Europe in northern Italy in 2000, and up to 2019 it was recorded in 20 countries. Almost all Eurasian deciduous oak species are suitable hosts and the species can also feed on many other woody plants. At least 30 million hectares of oak forests provide suitable hosts for the OLB, meaning that the lack of suitable hosts will not restrict its further spread. Detailed studies on the long-term impact of the species are not yet available but there are many good reasons to assume that it poses multiple threats to oaks and oak ecosystems. In the long term, it may have negative effects on oak health, growth, and acorn crops. Many of other oak-associated species will likely also be negatively affected. So far, no effective and environmentally tolerable large scale control method is known for OLB. |
Kovács, Gabriella Enikő; Nagy, Antal; Radócz, László; Szarukán, István Appearance of oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) on sweet chestnut in Hungary (Heteroptera: Tingidae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 140-143, 2020. @article{Kovács2020, title = {Appearance of oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata Say, 1832) on sweet chestnut in Hungary (Heteroptera: Tingidae)}, author = {Gabriella Enikő Kovács and Antal Nagy and László Radócz and István Szarukán}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0016}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {140-143}, abstract = {Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) has caused increasing damage throughout Europe since its appearance in 2000. In Hungary, it has become a dangerous pest of Quercus species in recent years. They frequently appear on ornamental and fruit trees, either, but this type of damage is not significant. Castanea species are known as their common host plants in their native area, but in Europe, it was detected only in Bulgaria. In this paper, we provide the first record of oak lace bug on sweet chestnut (C. sativa) in Hungary, which represents only the second European data on Castanea species. The pest was found in Debrecen, East Hungary.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Oak lace bug (Corythucha arcuata) has caused increasing damage throughout Europe since its appearance in 2000. In Hungary, it has become a dangerous pest of Quercus species in recent years. They frequently appear on ornamental and fruit trees, either, but this type of damage is not significant. Castanea species are known as their common host plants in their native area, but in Europe, it was detected only in Bulgaria. In this paper, we provide the first record of oak lace bug on sweet chestnut (C. sativa) in Hungary, which represents only the second European data on Castanea species. The pest was found in Debrecen, East Hungary. |
Ondrušková, Emília; Ostrovský, Radovan; Jánošíková, Zuzana; Adamčíková, Katarína; Kobza, Marek Selected climatic variables in Slovakia are favourable to the development of Dothistroma needle blight Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 144-152, 2020. @article{Ondrušková2020b, title = {Selected climatic variables in Slovakia are favourable to the development of Dothistroma needle blight}, author = {Emília Ondrušková and Radovan Ostrovský and Zuzana Jánošíková and Katarína Adamčíková and Marek Kobza}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0017}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {144-152}, abstract = {Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a disease of pine needles. It causes significant defoliation of affected trees; intensive attacks lead to damages of the whole stand. The relationship of trends in disease severity and intensity with climatic variables were studied in three Austrian pine plantations (Jahodná, Kálnica, Litava) during 2014–2018. During the monitoring period, the greatest variability in disease severity was observed in the top third of the crowns, which showed the highest correlation with the variants of the most important climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) tested. For the spread of DNB, based on statistical assessment, a higher number of intervals of environmentally favourable climatic conditions is crucial. Both Dothistroma species (D. septosporum and D. pini), which are causal agents of the disease, were identified in Jahodná. In Kálnica and Litava, only D. septosporum was present.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a disease of pine needles. It causes significant defoliation of affected trees; intensive attacks lead to damages of the whole stand. The relationship of trends in disease severity and intensity with climatic variables were studied in three Austrian pine plantations (Jahodná, Kálnica, Litava) during 2014–2018. During the monitoring period, the greatest variability in disease severity was observed in the top third of the crowns, which showed the highest correlation with the variants of the most important climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) tested. For the spread of DNB, based on statistical assessment, a higher number of intervals of environmentally favourable climatic conditions is crucial. Both Dothistroma species (D. septosporum and D. pini), which are causal agents of the disease, were identified in Jahodná. In Kálnica and Litava, only D. septosporum was present. |
Csüllög, Kitti; Tarcali, Gábor Investigation of the mycelial compatibility of Macrophomina phaseolina Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 153-158, 2020. @article{Csüllög2020, title = {Investigation of the mycelial compatibility of Macrophomina phaseolina}, author = {Kitti Csüllög and Gábor Tarcali}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0018}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {153-158}, abstract = {Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is found on all five crop-growing continents. In hot and dry seasons, this fungus is capable of causing considerable damage. In this study, mycelial compatibility of M. phaseolina isolates was investigated. In total the 30 samples collected were tested to examine their compatibility. The sunflower samples examined were collected in 2019 and 2020 in different regions of Hungary (29 isolates) and Slovakia (1 isolate). A total of 465 pairing tests were made with 30 isolates. The results of our examination showed incompatibility in 12 pairings. In our studies, we also measured the size of the microsclerotia of the isolates in order to determine which group they belong to. The diameter of the microsclerotia ranged from 74 to 182 μm. Based on this, microsclerotia belong to group ‘C’, as well as the data of previous studies in Hungary.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is found on all five crop-growing continents. In hot and dry seasons, this fungus is capable of causing considerable damage. In this study, mycelial compatibility of M. phaseolina isolates was investigated. In total the 30 samples collected were tested to examine their compatibility. The sunflower samples examined were collected in 2019 and 2020 in different regions of Hungary (29 isolates) and Slovakia (1 isolate). A total of 465 pairing tests were made with 30 isolates. The results of our examination showed incompatibility in 12 pairings. In our studies, we also measured the size of the microsclerotia of the isolates in order to determine which group they belong to. The diameter of the microsclerotia ranged from 74 to 182 μm. Based on this, microsclerotia belong to group ‘C’, as well as the data of previous studies in Hungary. |
Prokopuk, Mariana; Zub, Lesya Urban ecosystems as locations of distribution of alien aquatic plants Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 159-167, 2020. @article{Prokopuk2020, title = {Urban ecosystems as locations of distribution of alien aquatic plants}, author = {Mariana Prokopuk and Lesya Zub}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0019}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {159-167}, abstract = {Peculiarities of alien macrophytes invasions into aquatic ecosystems located at urban landscapes were investigated on an example of water bodies, rivers and streams located within the Kyiv City (Ukraine). There have been recognised seven species of alien aquatic macrophytes established at the territory of Kyiv City, representing 11% of the hydrophilic flora of the city. The representatives of the recent invasions Egeria densa, Elodea nuttallii and Pistia stratiotes in comparison with Elodea сanadensis were characterized by a wider ecological valence concerning the contents of nitrogen compounds in water. Significant variability of morphometric parameters of coenopopulations of alien species formed in different environmental conditions was recognised. There was observed that the individuals of Pistia stratiotes from eutrophic water bodies formed significantly larger surface organs, and the individuals from meso-eutrophic reservoir had a larger number of leaves in the rosette, and more numerous and longer roots. The alien macrophytes species dwelling in the water bodies of the city were characterized by wide ecological amplitudes, high stress tolerance, high reproduction rate, high naturalization degree, allowing these species to use the resources of their new environment inaccessible for the local species and significantly affecting the ecosystem homeostasis and transformation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Peculiarities of alien macrophytes invasions into aquatic ecosystems located at urban landscapes were investigated on an example of water bodies, rivers and streams located within the Kyiv City (Ukraine). There have been recognised seven species of alien aquatic macrophytes established at the territory of Kyiv City, representing 11% of the hydrophilic flora of the city. The representatives of the recent invasions Egeria densa, Elodea nuttallii and Pistia stratiotes in comparison with Elodea сanadensis were characterized by a wider ecological valence concerning the contents of nitrogen compounds in water. Significant variability of morphometric parameters of coenopopulations of alien species formed in different environmental conditions was recognised. There was observed that the individuals of Pistia stratiotes from eutrophic water bodies formed significantly larger surface organs, and the individuals from meso-eutrophic reservoir had a larger number of leaves in the rosette, and more numerous and longer roots. The alien macrophytes species dwelling in the water bodies of the city were characterized by wide ecological amplitudes, high stress tolerance, high reproduction rate, high naturalization degree, allowing these species to use the resources of their new environment inaccessible for the local species and significantly affecting the ecosystem homeostasis and transformation. |
Grigorescu, Ines; Kucsicsa, Gheorghe; Dumitrașcu, Monica; Doroftei, Mihai Invasive terrestrial plant species in the Romanian protected areas. A review of the geographical aspects Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 168-177, 2020. @article{Grigorescu2020, title = {Invasive terrestrial plant species in the Romanian protected areas. A review of the geographical aspects}, author = {Ines Grigorescu and Gheorghe Kucsicsa and Monica Dumitrașcu and Mihai Doroftei}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0020}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {168-177}, abstract = {Geographical factors play an essential role in the occurrence and spread of invasive species worldwide, and their particular analysis at regional and local scales becomes important in understanding species development patterns. The present paper discusses the relationships between some key geographical factors and the Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species (ITPS) distribution, and their environmental implications in a few protected areas in Romania. The authors focused their attention on three of the foremost invaders (i.e. Amorpha fruticosa, Ailanthus altissima and Fallopia japonica) making use of the information provided by the scientific literature and some illustrative examples developed in the framework of the FP7 enviroGRIDS project. The study is aimed to increase the knowledge of the ITPS and, specifically, to contribute to the geographical understanding of the role played by the driving factors in their distribution and spread in various habitats and ecosystems. The results will further support the control efforts in protected areas where, often, valuable native species are at risk of being replaced by non-native species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Geographical factors play an essential role in the occurrence and spread of invasive species worldwide, and their particular analysis at regional and local scales becomes important in understanding species development patterns. The present paper discusses the relationships between some key geographical factors and the Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species (ITPS) distribution, and their environmental implications in a few protected areas in Romania. The authors focused their attention on three of the foremost invaders (i.e. Amorpha fruticosa, Ailanthus altissima and Fallopia japonica) making use of the information provided by the scientific literature and some illustrative examples developed in the framework of the FP7 enviroGRIDS project. The study is aimed to increase the knowledge of the ITPS and, specifically, to contribute to the geographical understanding of the role played by the driving factors in their distribution and spread in various habitats and ecosystems. The results will further support the control efforts in protected areas where, often, valuable native species are at risk of being replaced by non-native species. |
Csiszár, Ágnes; Kézdy, Pál; Korda, Márton; Bartha, Dénes Occurrence and management of invasive alien species in Hungarian protected areas compared to Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (2), pp. 178-191, 2020. @article{Csiszár2020, title = {Occurrence and management of invasive alien species in Hungarian protected areas compared to Europe}, author = {Ágnes Csiszár and Pál Kézdy and Márton Korda and Dénes Bartha}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/foecol-2020-0012.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0021}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-24}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {2}, pages = {178-191}, abstract = {A questionnaire survey was carried out to examine the problems caused by invasive alien species (IAS) in Hungarian protected areas (PAs). Results from 144 PAs were evaluated and compared with a previous study of 21 European countries. In the European survey, the most important threats were habitat loss and fragmentation, Hungarian respondents put IAS in first place. Eradication, control and prevention were mentioned among the best strategies against invasive species in both surveys, but Hungarian PA managers emphasized the efficiency of habitat restoration and regulatory as well. Comparing the harmful animals and plants occurring in most Hungarian and European PAs, we found nearly 30% similarity. In most Hungarian PAs domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were indicated as most harmful species. The results of our study draw the attention to the species, which are highly invasive in Hungary, but are missing from the European PAs list, therefore may pose a potential threat to other protected areas of Europe.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A questionnaire survey was carried out to examine the problems caused by invasive alien species (IAS) in Hungarian protected areas (PAs). Results from 144 PAs were evaluated and compared with a previous study of 21 European countries. In the European survey, the most important threats were habitat loss and fragmentation, Hungarian respondents put IAS in first place. Eradication, control and prevention were mentioned among the best strategies against invasive species in both surveys, but Hungarian PA managers emphasized the efficiency of habitat restoration and regulatory as well. Comparing the harmful animals and plants occurring in most Hungarian and European PAs, we found nearly 30% similarity. In most Hungarian PAs domestic cat (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were indicated as most harmful species. The results of our study draw the attention to the species, which are highly invasive in Hungary, but are missing from the European PAs list, therefore may pose a potential threat to other protected areas of Europe. |
➤ Volume 47(1) 2020
Barna, Milan; Ferezliev, Angel; Tsakov, Hristo; Mihál, Ivan Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in windthrow areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes Journal Article 47 (1), pp. 1-9, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Barna2020, title = {Investigations of mature Scots pine stands in windthrow areas in Norway spruce forests in Western Rhodopes}, author = {Milan Barna and Angel Ferezliev and Hristo Tsakov and Ivan Mihál}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {We investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We investigated the current health condition (defoliation), state of natural regeneration, and mycoflora and phytopathogen-caused attacks in Scots pine forests (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted in the 1960s in areas affected by wind disturbances in the West Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria. Some damage types (resin outflow and anthropogenic damage) were present to a low extent in the research plots (S – Selishte and PK – Pobit Kamak). Some were missing completely (damage by deer and other animals, the presence of lignicolous fungi and abiotic damage). The most important results of this study were the following: i) the occurrence of the bark beetle pest Tomicus minor Hartig (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) was recorded on average in 4.6 (S) and 2.3 (PK) of fallen shoots under the tree crown within 1 m diameter around the stem; ii) significant damage to tree crowns due to the loss of assimilation organs in Scots pine trees (28% – S and 39% – PK, respectively) was several times higher than that recorded in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) (10%); iii) tree species composition resulting from natural regeneration showed 95–100% proportion of Norway spruce despite the predominance of Scots pine in the maternal stand. These observations might provide evidence of unsuitable environmental conditions in the studied localities for pine forests on the southern range of the natural P. sylvestris occurrence. Forest management in similar ecological and climatic conditions should aim at significant diversification of the forest stand structure by utilizing tree species suitable for the given ecosystems. |
di Bagno, Ermellina; Battisti, Corrado; Zullo, Francesco; Amori, Giovanni Applying abundance/biomass comparison curves to small mammals: a weak tool for detect urbanization-related stress in the assemblages? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 10-15, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{diBagno2020, title = {Applying abundance/biomass comparison curves to small mammals: a weak tool for detect urbanization-related stress in the assemblages?}, author = {Ermellina di Bagno and Corrado Battisti and Francesco Zullo and Giovanni Amori}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0002.pdf}, doi = {0.2478/foecol-2020-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {10-15}, abstract = {Urbanization is a form of pervasive human-induced disturbance. We tested the effectiveness of Abundance/Biomass Comparisons (ABC) as an approach in detecting stress due to landscape urbanization in large small mammal assemblages obtained from pellets of Barn Owl (Tyto alba; Strigiformes). We compared three assemblages sampled in not urbanized contexts (agro-mosaic landscapes) with three assemblages preyed in highly urbanized contexts. In all assemblages, the role of strictly synanthropic species (in our case: rodents) emerged since almost all of total biomass was assigned to these species: indeed, everywhere (both in agro-mosaic and urbanized sites) species of low trophic level (i.e. omnivorous/herbivorous rodents) significantly prevail in biomass when compared to insectivorous species (i.e. shrews, Soricomorpha) linked to less anthropized habitats. This biomass dominance in rodent species is highlighted by the data on evenness, showing lower values in biomass when compared to abundance. This pattern did not match with the classic assumption expressed by the ABC model (i.e., species with higher biomass are typical of undisturbed assemblage) and could be wrongly interpreted. Our study evidenced as ABC approach is a not reliable tool to detect the effect of urbanization as landscape disturbance acting on small mammal assemblages. Therefore we suggest that the ABC assumptions are not universal}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Urbanization is a form of pervasive human-induced disturbance. We tested the effectiveness of Abundance/Biomass Comparisons (ABC) as an approach in detecting stress due to landscape urbanization in large small mammal assemblages obtained from pellets of Barn Owl (Tyto alba; Strigiformes). We compared three assemblages sampled in not urbanized contexts (agro-mosaic landscapes) with three assemblages preyed in highly urbanized contexts. In all assemblages, the role of strictly synanthropic species (in our case: rodents) emerged since almost all of total biomass was assigned to these species: indeed, everywhere (both in agro-mosaic and urbanized sites) species of low trophic level (i.e. omnivorous/herbivorous rodents) significantly prevail in biomass when compared to insectivorous species (i.e. shrews, Soricomorpha) linked to less anthropized habitats. This biomass dominance in rodent species is highlighted by the data on evenness, showing lower values in biomass when compared to abundance. This pattern did not match with the classic assumption expressed by the ABC model (i.e., species with higher biomass are typical of undisturbed assemblage) and could be wrongly interpreted. Our study evidenced as ABC approach is a not reliable tool to detect the effect of urbanization as landscape disturbance acting on small mammal assemblages. Therefore we suggest that the ABC assumptions are not universal |
Račko, Vladimír; Mihál, Ivan; Mišíková, Oľga Beech bark disease in Slovakia related to fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. and the anatomy of necrotised bark and wood: a brief review Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 16-22, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Račko2020, title = {Beech bark disease in Slovakia related to fungi of the genus Nectria s.l. and the anatomy of necrotised bark and wood: a brief review}, author = {Vladimír Račko and Ivan Mihál and Oľga Mišíková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {16-22}, abstract = {This short review summarises the history and current knowledge regarding beech bark disease (BBD) in Slovakia. Moreover, the results of ongoing long-term disease monitoring are summarised. The article also provides a list of the 29 Nectria s.l. species found to date in Slovakia, complete with information about their occurrence on host tree species. Above all, we highlight the need for histopathological research on beech tissues attacked by different Nectria spp. Notably, neither the defensive response mechanisms of host cellular tissues at the anatomical and biochemical levels nor the strategy of decomposition by different pathogens have been explored in beech.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This short review summarises the history and current knowledge regarding beech bark disease (BBD) in Slovakia. Moreover, the results of ongoing long-term disease monitoring are summarised. The article also provides a list of the 29 Nectria s.l. species found to date in Slovakia, complete with information about their occurrence on host tree species. Above all, we highlight the need for histopathological research on beech tissues attacked by different Nectria spp. Notably, neither the defensive response mechanisms of host cellular tissues at the anatomical and biochemical levels nor the strategy of decomposition by different pathogens have been explored in beech. |
Komlyk, Viktoriia; Brygadyrenko, Viktor Morphological variability of Bembidion varium (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 23-33, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Komlyk2020, title = {Morphological variability of Bembidion varium (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity}, author = {Viktoriia Komlyk and Viktor Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {23-33}, abstract = {This article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research. |
Konôpková, Jana; Košútová, Dominika; Ferus, Peter Genotype-specific requirements for in vitro culture initiation and multiplication of Magnolia taxa Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 34-44, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Konôpková2020, title = {Genotype-specific requirements for in vitro culture initiation and multiplication of Magnolia taxa}, author = {Jana Konôpková and Dominika Košútová and Peter Ferus}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0005}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {34-44}, abstract = {The influence of basal media composition, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the developmental stage of primary explants (dormancy, stage of bud opening and fruit ripening) on the initiation phase of nine Magnolia genotypes, including M. stellata /Sieb. & Zucc./Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Rustica Rubra', M. denudata Desr., M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', M. liliiflora Desr., M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils., M. salicifolia Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Lennei', and M. kobus DC, was evaluated. The highest efficiency of primary culture initiation of seven Magnolia genotypes (except for M. liliiflora and M. salicifolia) was achieved from primary explants collected in the bud opening stage. A high positive correlation was found between total tannins and efficiency of the primary culture initiation at the fruit ripening stage (r = 0.833). Standardi and Catalano medium (S2) with 0.5 mg l–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most appropriate for multiplication of M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', whereas tissue cultures of M. × soulangeana 'Lennei' proliferated and grew better on S2 medium with 1.0 mg l–1 of BAP and 1.0 g l–1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The requirements for the composition of basal media and concentration of PGRs in the initiation and multiplication stages of micropropagation of various Magnolia species and cultivars are genotype-specific.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The influence of basal media composition, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs), and the developmental stage of primary explants (dormancy, stage of bud opening and fruit ripening) on the initiation phase of nine Magnolia genotypes, including M. stellata /Sieb. & Zucc./Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Rustica Rubra', M. denudata Desr., M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', M. liliiflora Desr., M. officinalis var. biloba Rehd. & Wils., M. salicifolia Maxim., M. × soulangeana 'Lennei', and M. kobus DC, was evaluated. The highest efficiency of primary culture initiation of seven Magnolia genotypes (except for M. liliiflora and M. salicifolia) was achieved from primary explants collected in the bud opening stage. A high positive correlation was found between total tannins and efficiency of the primary culture initiation at the fruit ripening stage (r = 0.833). Standardi and Catalano medium (S2) with 0.5 mg l–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) was the most appropriate for multiplication of M. × soulangeana 'Alexandrina', whereas tissue cultures of M. × soulangeana 'Lennei' proliferated and grew better on S2 medium with 1.0 mg l–1 of BAP and 1.0 g l–1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The requirements for the composition of basal media and concentration of PGRs in the initiation and multiplication stages of micropropagation of various Magnolia species and cultivars are genotype-specific. |
Shareef, Hussein J; Abdi, Gholamreza; Fahad, Shah Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 45-51, 2020. @article{Shareef2020, title = {Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors}, author = {Hussein J. Shareef and Gholamreza Abdi and Shah Fahad}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0006}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {45-51}, abstract = {Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor. |
Berisha, Naim; Krasniqi, Elez; Millaku, Fadil A quantitative approach for conservation of endangered and endemic plants from Kosovo, SE Europe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 52-63, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Berisha2020, title = {A quantitative approach for conservation of endangered and endemic plants from Kosovo, SE Europe}, author = {Naim Berisha and Elez Krasniqi and Fadil Millaku}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0007}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {52-63}, abstract = {Basic patterns of most priority biodiversity areas of Kosovo that shall be considered for conservation studies are offered here. On this work, all plant taxa that are included in the Kosovarian Red list are analysed and their analogy is interpreted to conservation priority hotspots. Kosovo represents an important centre for Balkan biodiversity; therefore a quantitative evaluation of the importance of different priority areas for conserving plant diversity of Kosovo is very much needed. This study provides a detailed quantitative approach concerning the identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation, using threatened and endangered plant taxa in well-known grid squares system. Used grid squares (20 × 20 km) were classified into four different groups in terms of their conservation importance. Valuation factors taken into account are IUCN based risk category, endemism as well as ecological and distributional attributes. The results indicated that there are four grid squares – D4 (0.4300), G7 (0.3910), G8 (0.2750) and E4 (0.2860), that have remarkable conservation importance. These grid squares are all located along mostly high-elevation areas of two National Parks in Kosovo. These national scale data should prove to be very appropriate and easy to follow evidence for environmental decision-making bodies as well as be used for further research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Basic patterns of most priority biodiversity areas of Kosovo that shall be considered for conservation studies are offered here. On this work, all plant taxa that are included in the Kosovarian Red list are analysed and their analogy is interpreted to conservation priority hotspots. Kosovo represents an important centre for Balkan biodiversity; therefore a quantitative evaluation of the importance of different priority areas for conserving plant diversity of Kosovo is very much needed. This study provides a detailed quantitative approach concerning the identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation, using threatened and endangered plant taxa in well-known grid squares system. Used grid squares (20 × 20 km) were classified into four different groups in terms of their conservation importance. Valuation factors taken into account are IUCN based risk category, endemism as well as ecological and distributional attributes. The results indicated that there are four grid squares – D4 (0.4300), G7 (0.3910), G8 (0.2750) and E4 (0.2860), that have remarkable conservation importance. These grid squares are all located along mostly high-elevation areas of two National Parks in Kosovo. These national scale data should prove to be very appropriate and easy to follow evidence for environmental decision-making bodies as well as be used for further research. |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed; Jafar, Osama Nazim; Mohsen, Khaun Ali Effect of glutathione (GSH) on Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 64-69, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Al-Mayahi2020, title = {Effect of glutathione (GSH) on Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) micropropagation}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi and Osama Nazim Jafar and Khaun Ali Mohsen}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0008.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0008}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {64-69}, abstract = {The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of glutathione (GSH: levels 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, and 2.0 mM) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication and phytochemicals of in vitro shoots of the Date palm cv. Barhee. The optimum concentration of GSH was 1.0 mM. Such concentration improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 312.0 mg, the addition of this substance of the same concentration level showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (73.34 ± 2.69 and 8.83 ± 0.80 shoots/jar, respectively). Also, the 1.0 GSH application resulted in reducing the percentage of browning to 0.0 compared to the other concentrations. The results of the biochemical analysis revealed that treatments GSH of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM reduced the total soluble phenols compound (TSPC). These treatments were also more effectively reducing peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity than the concentrations of 2 mM or 0 (control treatment).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of glutathione (GSH: levels 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, and 2.0 mM) on the callus growth, shoot multiplication and phytochemicals of in vitro shoots of the Date palm cv. Barhee. The optimum concentration of GSH was 1.0 mM. Such concentration improved the callus growth and increased its weight to 312.0 mg, the addition of this substance of the same concentration level showed the highest response rate and the number of shoots per jar (73.34 ± 2.69 and 8.83 ± 0.80 shoots/jar, respectively). Also, the 1.0 GSH application resulted in reducing the percentage of browning to 0.0 compared to the other concentrations. The results of the biochemical analysis revealed that treatments GSH of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM reduced the total soluble phenols compound (TSPC). These treatments were also more effectively reducing peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity than the concentrations of 2 mM or 0 (control treatment). |
Tkach, Viktor; Bondar, Oleksandr; Rumiantsev, Maksym Pedunculate oak stands in the catchments of the river Vorskla’s tributaries Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 47 (1), pp. 70-80, 2020, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tkach2020, title = {Pedunculate oak stands in the catchments of the river Vorskla’s tributaries}, author = {Viktor Tkach and Oleksandr Bondar and Maksym Rumiantsev}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2020-0009.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2020-0009}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-04-30}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {47}, number = {1}, pages = {70-80}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to analyze the origin of oak stands within the catchments of the Vorskla’s tributaries and to describe their state. Covering 60,900 ha, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands prevail and cover 51.1% of the total forest area of 119,200 ha in the catchment areas of the River Vorskla’s tributaries. The way oak stands are distributed in regards to trophotopes points at favourable conditions for their growth, as 81.7% of the area is a fresh fertile oak forest site type. Forest stands aged 41–80 years (39.8 % of the total area) and 81–120 years (50.4%) are prevailing. Natural oak stands cover almost 66.5% and planted ones grow at 33.5%. Distribution of oak stands in regards to the functional categories of forests shows a significant predominance of the protective forests. They cover 46.6% of the total area. The commercial forests cover 23.0%, the recreational ones make 18.8% and the forests with conservational, academic, historical and cultural purpose cover 11.6 %. Distribution patterns of oak forests in the catchments of the River Vorskla’s tributaries should be considered in the forest management in order to conserve their biodiversity and enhancing the performance of important environmental, protective, recreational and other functions. The article contains results of the study on the natural regeneration of Quercus robur and other wood species under the canopy of oak stands and on felling sites. The further research perspectives are a thorough study of the stand characteristics and the typological structure of forests in terms of certain wood species in the catchments of rivers all over Ukraine. It will help developing principles for the catchment and landscape zonation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the study was to analyze the origin of oak stands within the catchments of the Vorskla’s tributaries and to describe their state. Covering 60,900 ha, pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) stands prevail and cover 51.1% of the total forest area of 119,200 ha in the catchment areas of the River Vorskla’s tributaries. The way oak stands are distributed in regards to trophotopes points at favourable conditions for their growth, as 81.7% of the area is a fresh fertile oak forest site type. Forest stands aged 41–80 years (39.8 % of the total area) and 81–120 years (50.4%) are prevailing. Natural oak stands cover almost 66.5% and planted ones grow at 33.5%. Distribution of oak stands in regards to the functional categories of forests shows a significant predominance of the protective forests. They cover 46.6% of the total area. The commercial forests cover 23.0%, the recreational ones make 18.8% and the forests with conservational, academic, historical and cultural purpose cover 11.6 %. Distribution patterns of oak forests in the catchments of the River Vorskla’s tributaries should be considered in the forest management in order to conserve their biodiversity and enhancing the performance of important environmental, protective, recreational and other functions. The article contains results of the study on the natural regeneration of Quercus robur and other wood species under the canopy of oak stands and on felling sites. The further research perspectives are a thorough study of the stand characteristics and the typological structure of forests in terms of certain wood species in the catchments of rivers all over Ukraine. It will help developing principles for the catchment and landscape zonation. |
➤ Volume 46(2) 2019
Saisamorn, Apinya; Duengkae, Prateep; Pattanavibool, Anak; Duangchantrasiri, Somphot; Simcharoen, Achara; Smith, James L D Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 73–82, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Saisamorn2019, title = {Spatial and temporal analysis of leopards (Panthera pardus), their prey and tigers (Panthera tigris) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand}, author = {Apinya Saisamorn and Prateep Duengkae and Anak Pattanavibool and Somphot Duangchantrasiri and Achara Simcharoen and James L.D. Smith}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0010}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {73–82}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Kulfan, Ján; Sarvašová, Lenka; Parák, Michal; Zach, Peter Effects of a host tree on movement and distribution of winter geometrid moths (Lepidoptera): thickness of trunks and branches Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 83–90, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kulfan2019, title = {Effects of a host tree on movement and distribution of winter geometrid moths (Lepidoptera): thickness of trunks and branches}, author = {Ján Kulfan and Lenka Sarvašová and Michal Parák and Peter Zach}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0011}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {83–90}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Charaspet, Khwanrutai; Sukmasuang, Ronglarp; Khiowsree, Noraset; Songsasen, Nucharin; Simchareon, Saksit; Duengkae, Prateep Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 91–100, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Charaspet2019, title = {Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand}, author = {Khwanrutai Charaspet and Ronglarp Sukmasuang and Noraset Khiowsree and Nucharin Songsasen and Saksit Simchareon and Prateep Duengkae}, doi = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0003-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {91–100}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Zhukov, Oleksandr V; Kunah, Olga M; Dubinina, Yuliya Y; Fedushko, Marina P; Kotsun, Vadim I; Zhukova, Yuliya O; Potapenko, Olena V Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 101–114, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zhukov2019, title = {Tree canopy affects soil macrofauna spatial patterns on broad- and meso- scale levels in an Eastern European poplar-willow forest in the floodplain of the River Dnipro}, author = {Oleksandr V. Zhukov and Olga M. Kunah and Yuliya Y. Dubinina and Marina P. Fedushko and Vadim I. Kotsun and Yuliya O. Zhukova and Olena V. Potapenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0013}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {101–114}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Nourmohammadi, Kazem; Kartoolinejad, Davoud; Naghdi, Reza; Baskin, Carol C Effects of dormancy-breaking methods on germination of the water- impermeable seeds of Gleditsia caspica (Fabaceae) and seedling growth Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 115–126, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Nourmohammadi2019, title = {Effects of dormancy-breaking methods on germination of the water- impermeable seeds of Gleditsia caspica (Fabaceae) and seedling growth}, author = {Kazem Nourmohammadi and Davoud Kartoolinejad and Reza Naghdi and Carol C. Baskin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0014}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {115–126}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Koulelis, Panagiotis P; Daskalakou, Evangelia N; Ioannidis, Kostas E Impact of regional climatic conditions on tree growth on mainland Greece Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 127–136, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Koulelis2019, title = {Impact of regional climatic conditions on tree growth on mainland Greece}, author = {Panagiotis P. Koulelis and Evangelia N. Daskalakou and Kostas E. Ioannidis}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0015}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {127–136}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Baláž, Ivan; Tulis, Filip; Zigová, Martina Differentiation of flea communities of small mammals in selected habitats in the Eastern Tatra Mts Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 137–145, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Baláž2019, title = {Differentiation of flea communities of small mammals in selected habitats in the Eastern Tatra Mts}, author = {Ivan Baláž and Filip Tulis and Martina Zigová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0016}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {137–145}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Fazekašová, Danica; Fazekaš, Juraj Functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the conditions of an ecological farming system Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 146–152, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Fazekašová2019, title = {Functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the conditions of an ecological farming system}, author = {Danica Fazekašová and Juraj Fazekaš}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0008-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0017}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {146–152}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Andrusevych, Kateryna; Zadorozhnaya, Galina Diversity, dynamics and ecological analysis of flora of reclaimed soil Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 153–163, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Andrusevych2019, title = {Diversity, dynamics and ecological analysis of flora of reclaimed soil}, author = {Kateryna Andrusevych and Galina Zadorozhnaya}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0009-1.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0018}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {153–163}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Al-Mayahi, Ahmed Madi Waheed Effect of aluminum on the growth of the in vitro culture tissues of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Um-Aldehin Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 164–169, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Al-Mayahi2019, title = {Effect of aluminum on the growth of the in vitro culture tissues of the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Um-Aldehin}, author = {Ahmed Madi Waheed Al-Mayahi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0010.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0019}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {164–169}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Thapamagar, Tilak; Bhandari, Shivish; Ghimire, Kishor; Bhusal, Daya Ram Threats to endangered musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (2), pp. 170–173, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Thapamagar2019, title = {Threats to endangered musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in the Khaptad National Park, Nepal}, author = {Tilak Thapamagar and Shivish Bhandari and Kishor Ghimire and Daya Ram Bhusal}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0011.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2019-0020}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {170–173}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
➤ Volume 46(1) 2019
Rabiu, Safianu; Rose, Robert K Demographic response of the Gambian Gerbil to seasonal changes in Savannah fallow fields Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 1-9, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Rabiu2019, title = {Demographic response of the Gambian Gerbil to seasonal changes in Savannah fallow fields}, author = {Safianu Rabiu and Robert K. Rose}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2019-0001.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {The Savannah gerbil, Gerbilliscus gambianus (Muridae: Gerbillinae) is important to the ecological relations of the dry grassland ecosystem of West Africa, as well as, being a zoonotic agent of human diseases and potential crop pest. We examined the impact of seasonal changes on the population dynamics of G. gambianus in northern Nigeria, by completing population estimates using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) and indirect population density indices (PDI) methods. The latter included fecal pellet counts and limited spotlightening. During 1990–1992 we collected both CMR and PDI data, and established their relationship by regression, thus calibrating the PDI values to CMR estimator. We also completed a separate, PDI only, study during 2015–2017, and estimated monthly densities indirectly by toning the PDI values to population sizes in the CMR estimator. The lowest declines (<20 gerbils ha –1 ) were in mid rains (July–August), and highest increases (>90 gerbils ha –1 ) were after the rains (October–January). Seasonal effects on densities were significant during 1990–1992 but not during 2015–2017. There were improved survival rates for both adults (0.95) and young (0.83), adult capture probability (0.56), and mean monthly recruitment of young (23) after the rains. There was no significant change in the overall population dynamic pattern of G. gambianus over a 25-year period. Because G. gambianus did not maintain colonies inside farmlands cultivated by rain or irrigation, and its tendency for large population drops in mid-rains, we are in doubt of its potential as crop pest in northern Nigeria.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Savannah gerbil, Gerbilliscus gambianus (Muridae: Gerbillinae) is important to the ecological relations of the dry grassland ecosystem of West Africa, as well as, being a zoonotic agent of human diseases and potential crop pest. We examined the impact of seasonal changes on the population dynamics of G. gambianus in northern Nigeria, by completing population estimates using capture–mark–recapture (CMR) and indirect population density indices (PDI) methods. The latter included fecal pellet counts and limited spotlightening. During 1990–1992 we collected both CMR and PDI data, and established their relationship by regression, thus calibrating the PDI values to CMR estimator. We also completed a separate, PDI only, study during 2015–2017, and estimated monthly densities indirectly by toning the PDI values to population sizes in the CMR estimator. The lowest declines (<20 gerbils ha –1 ) were in mid rains (July–August), and highest increases (>90 gerbils ha –1 ) were after the rains (October–January). Seasonal effects on densities were significant during 1990–1992 but not during 2015–2017. There were improved survival rates for both adults (0.95) and young (0.83), adult capture probability (0.56), and mean monthly recruitment of young (23) after the rains. There was no significant change in the overall population dynamic pattern of G. gambianus over a 25-year period. Because G. gambianus did not maintain colonies inside farmlands cultivated by rain or irrigation, and its tendency for large population drops in mid-rains, we are in doubt of its potential as crop pest in northern Nigeria. |
Stašiov, Slavomir; Svitok, Marek The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 10-15, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Stašiov2019, title = {The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest}, author = {Slavomir Stašiov and Marek Svitok}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0002.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {10-15}, abstract = {Modification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests. |
Kavan, Jan; Anděrová, Veronika Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 16-23, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kavan2019, title = {Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions}, author = {Jan Kavan and Veronika Anděrová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0003.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {16-23}, abstract = {A new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature). |
Mirzaei, Mehrdad; Bonyad, Amir Eslam; Emamgheysi, Ismaeil Moradi; Navroodi, Iraj Hassanzad Effects of inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity in semi-arid forests of Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 24-29, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Mirzaei2019, title = {Effects of inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity in semi-arid forests of Iran}, author = {Mehrdad Mirzaei and Amir Eslam Bonyad and Ismaeil Moradi Emamgheysi and Iraj Hassanzad Navroodi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0004.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {24-29}, abstract = {Species diversity is one of the most important indices used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. The sampling method and the number of plots are factors affecting the estimation of plant biodiversity. In the present study, effects of different inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity were compared in semi-arid forests of Iran. There were selected 50 hectares of these forests representing the regional forests. Sampling procedures were carried out on circular plots (1,000m 2 ) within inventory grids, with dimensions of 50 × 50 m (200 plots), 100 × 50 m (100 plots), 100 × 100 m (50 plots), 200 × 50 m (50 plots), 200 × 100 m (25 plots), and 250 × 200 m (10 plots). For each plot, the type of the species and the number of trees were recorded. Simpson (1-D), Hill (N 2 ), Shannon-Wiener (H ’ ), Mc Arthur (N 1 ), Smith-Wilson (E var ) and Margalef (R 1 ) indices were used to estimate the tree species diversity. The inventory grid was evaluated based on the precision and cost criteria (E% 2 × T). The obtained sampling error values showed that the inventory grid consisting of 200 plots exhibited more accuracy for estimating the biodiversity indices. But based on the results of E% 2 × T, the inventory grid with 25 plots was selected as the most appropriate one for estimating the tree species diversity in semi-arid forests. The results of this study can also serve to estimate the tree species diversity in other semi-arid forests of Iran.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species diversity is one of the most important indices used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. The sampling method and the number of plots are factors affecting the estimation of plant biodiversity. In the present study, effects of different inventory grids on estimation of tree species diversity were compared in semi-arid forests of Iran. There were selected 50 hectares of these forests representing the regional forests. Sampling procedures were carried out on circular plots (1,000m 2 ) within inventory grids, with dimensions of 50 × 50 m (200 plots), 100 × 50 m (100 plots), 100 × 100 m (50 plots), 200 × 50 m (50 plots), 200 × 100 m (25 plots), and 250 × 200 m (10 plots). For each plot, the type of the species and the number of trees were recorded. Simpson (1-D), Hill (N 2 ), Shannon-Wiener (H ’ ), Mc Arthur (N 1 ), Smith-Wilson (E var ) and Margalef (R 1 ) indices were used to estimate the tree species diversity. The inventory grid was evaluated based on the precision and cost criteria (E% 2 × T). The obtained sampling error values showed that the inventory grid consisting of 200 plots exhibited more accuracy for estimating the biodiversity indices. But based on the results of E% 2 × T, the inventory grid with 25 plots was selected as the most appropriate one for estimating the tree species diversity in semi-arid forests. The results of this study can also serve to estimate the tree species diversity in other semi-arid forests of Iran. |
Žiarovská, Jana; Ražná, Katarína; Fernandéz, Eloy C; Bošeľová, Danka; Kyseľ, Matúš Habitat-related specifity of iPBS fingerprint in European populations of Hedera helix L. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 30-36, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Žiarovská2019, title = {Habitat-related specifity of iPBS fingerprint in European populations of Hedera helix L.}, author = {Jana Žiarovská and Katarína Ražná and Eloy C. Fernandéz and Danka Bošeľová and Matúš Kyseľ}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019_0005.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {30-36}, abstract = {Inter primer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism was investigated for common ivy (Hedera helix, L.) to obtain the knowledge on genetic diversity in this species. Actually, a very limited information exists about application of DNA markers in Hedera helix. Natural and planted European populations of ivy were analysed using an iPBS marker 5 ́ACCTGGCGTGCCA3 ́ with a total number of 238 fragments generated. Of these, 86% were polymorphic. There were determined certain attributes of this marker such as the diversity index (DI) and polymorphism information content (PIC). The value of the diversity index was 0.79 and the polymorphic information index was 0.78. The proportion of polymorphisms of the individual amplified loci ranged from 0.32% to 6.98%. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the European ivy populations where the distribution in the dendrogram under the habitat specifity was found for the used iPBS marker. We concluded that iPBS was very efficient in analysing the genetic diversity in Hedera helix, L. and that this marker can serve as a suitable tool to find genomically specific fingerprints relevant to the factors influencing the distribution of genetic variation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Inter primer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism was investigated for common ivy (Hedera helix, L.) to obtain the knowledge on genetic diversity in this species. Actually, a very limited information exists about application of DNA markers in Hedera helix. Natural and planted European populations of ivy were analysed using an iPBS marker 5 ́ACCTGGCGTGCCA3 ́ with a total number of 238 fragments generated. Of these, 86% were polymorphic. There were determined certain attributes of this marker such as the diversity index (DI) and polymorphism information content (PIC). The value of the diversity index was 0.79 and the polymorphic information index was 0.78. The proportion of polymorphisms of the individual amplified loci ranged from 0.32% to 6.98%. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the European ivy populations where the distribution in the dendrogram under the habitat specifity was found for the used iPBS marker. We concluded that iPBS was very efficient in analysing the genetic diversity in Hedera helix, L. and that this marker can serve as a suitable tool to find genomically specific fingerprints relevant to the factors influencing the distribution of genetic variation. |
Martinková, Zdenka; Koprdová, Stanislava; Kulfan, Ján; Zach, Peter; Honěk, Alois Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 37-44, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Martinková2019, title = {Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as predators of conifer seeds}, author = {Zdenka Martinková and Stanislava Koprdová and Ján Kulfan and Peter Zach and Alois Honěk}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0006.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {37-44}, abstract = {Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Many species of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important predators of seeds. While the consumption of herb seeds has been intensively studied, little attention has been paid to the consumption of seeds of gymnosperm plants. Here, we determined the consumption of seeds of six coniferous species by four common carabid species and compared carabid preference for conifer and selected common angiosperm weed seed species. In no-choice experiments, the large carabid species Pseudoophonus rufipes preferentially consumed the seeds of Picea abies, Larix decidua and Pinus sylvestris. Pinus sylvestris was also preferred by another large carabid, Pterostichus melanarius. The smaller carabids Harpalus affinis and H. rubripes consumed conifer seeds reluctantly. The intensity of seed consumption by carabids decreased with increasing seed size. In choice experiments, both of the large carabid species preferred the small conifer seeds of P. sylvestris and L. decidua over herb seeds of similar size (Dipsacus fullonum, Galeopsis speciosa, Polygonum lapathifolium). Carabids may prefer conifer seeds because of their soft seed coats, regardless of their chemical protections. Postdispersal predation of seeds by carabids may be an important mortality factor in some conifer species. |
Bijarpasi, Mahboobeh Mohebi; Shahraji, Taymour Rostami; Lahiji, Habiboalah Samizadeh Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 45-53, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bijarpasi2019, title = {Genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in Hyrcanian forests}, author = {Mahboobeh Mohebi Bijarpasi and Taymour Rostami Shahraji and Habiboalah Samizadeh Lahiji}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0007.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {45-53}, abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes. |
Ražná, Katarína; Žiarovská, Jana; Hrubík, Pavel; Batyaneková, Veronika; Vargaová, Angela Ecologically conditioned imprinting of miRNA-based profiles of Ginkgo biloba L. growing in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 54-62, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ražná2019, title = {Ecologically conditioned imprinting of miRNA-based profiles of Ginkgo biloba L. growing in Slovakia}, author = {Katarína Ražná and Jana Žiarovská and Pavel Hrubík and Veronika Batyaneková and Angela Vargaová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0008.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {54-62}, abstract = {Ginkgo biloba L. is characterized by its high level of resistance to climatic conditions, diseases, and pests. In Slovakia, there is a rich collection of genetic resources of ginkgo consisting of 288 trees growing in 103 locations and providing valuable biological material for scientific research. There have been documented 45 trees of ginkgo older than 100 years (ranging from 112 to 242 years of age). Their dendrometrical parameters were recorded. For genomic imprinting, three types of microRNA-based markers were selected; highly conserved gb-miR160, moderately conserved gb-miR482 and the species-specific gb-miR75. The most efficient one can be considered the marker gb-miR482 with its genotype-unique miRNA profiles probably related to this marker functioning in the defence mechanisms of the ginkgo species. Unique miRNA loci were recorded in genomes of young ginkgo trees. We found that, by selecting the appropriate microRNA-based markers, it is possible to characterize the ginkgo genome in the context of microclimatic conditions.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ginkgo biloba L. is characterized by its high level of resistance to climatic conditions, diseases, and pests. In Slovakia, there is a rich collection of genetic resources of ginkgo consisting of 288 trees growing in 103 locations and providing valuable biological material for scientific research. There have been documented 45 trees of ginkgo older than 100 years (ranging from 112 to 242 years of age). Their dendrometrical parameters were recorded. For genomic imprinting, three types of microRNA-based markers were selected; highly conserved gb-miR160, moderately conserved gb-miR482 and the species-specific gb-miR75. The most efficient one can be considered the marker gb-miR482 with its genotype-unique miRNA profiles probably related to this marker functioning in the defence mechanisms of the ginkgo species. Unique miRNA loci were recorded in genomes of young ginkgo trees. We found that, by selecting the appropriate microRNA-based markers, it is possible to characterize the ginkgo genome in the context of microclimatic conditions. |
Duengkae, Prateep; Srikhunmuang, Pongsit; Chaiyes, Aingorn; Suksavate, Warong; Nantachai Pongpattananurak, ; Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Hemachudha, Thiravat Patch metrics of roosting site selection by Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei Andersen, 1908) in a human-dominated landscape in Thailand Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 46 (1), pp. 63-73, 2019, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Duengkae2019, title = {Patch metrics of roosting site selection by Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei Andersen, 1908) in a human-dominated landscape in Thailand}, author = {Prateep Duengkae and Pongsit Srikhunmuang and Aingorn Chaiyes and Warong Suksavate and Nantachai Pongpattananurak and Supaporn Wacharapluesadee and Thiravat Hemachudha}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2019-0009.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-05-20}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {46}, number = {1}, pages = {63-73}, abstract = {The association between patch metrics and roosting site (n = 31) suitability of Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei) in 26 Central Eastern and Western provinces of Thailand was quantified. Land use classes with 90-m resolution were identified based on various vegetation and land cover types to calculate patch metrics using FRAGSTATS. Then, Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt) was performed using patch metrics covariates to produce a predictive potential distribution map. The results indicated that patch contiguity (contiguity index, 63.7%), patch area (29.3%), and patch shape complexity (shape index, 5.7%) are the most influential patch metrics, all of which have negative effects on roosting site suitability. In total, 13,222 small patches were considered highly suitable patches, with a mean area of 0.921 ± 0.698 (SD) ha, which accounted for 122,090 ha (2.04%) of the study area. Roosting sites predicted from the model were consistently associated with occurrences of roosting sites observed in temples; such habitats likely provide shelter from external threats for colonies roosting in a human-dominated landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The association between patch metrics and roosting site (n = 31) suitability of Lyle’s flying fox (Pteropus lylei) in 26 Central Eastern and Western provinces of Thailand was quantified. Land use classes with 90-m resolution were identified based on various vegetation and land cover types to calculate patch metrics using FRAGSTATS. Then, Maximum Entropy Modeling (MaxEnt) was performed using patch metrics covariates to produce a predictive potential distribution map. The results indicated that patch contiguity (contiguity index, 63.7%), patch area (29.3%), and patch shape complexity (shape index, 5.7%) are the most influential patch metrics, all of which have negative effects on roosting site suitability. In total, 13,222 small patches were considered highly suitable patches, with a mean area of 0.921 ± 0.698 (SD) ha, which accounted for 122,090 ha (2.04%) of the study area. Roosting sites predicted from the model were consistently associated with occurrences of roosting sites observed in temples; such habitats likely provide shelter from external threats for colonies roosting in a human-dominated landscape. |
➤ Volume 45(2) 2018
Urban, P; Sabo, P; Plesník, J Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and development cycles of temperate natural forest ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 61-71, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Urban2018, title = {Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and development cycles of temperate natural forest ecosystems}, author = {P. Urban and P. Sabo and J. Plesník}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0001-10.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {61-71}, abstract = {The presented contribution in its first part summarizes several important theoretical findings of the system ecology supporting non-equilibrium paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We emphasise the concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living systems and the Holling’s adaptive cycle of a social-ecological system. In natural forests, the phases of an adaptive cycle fit to a substantial extent also to stages and phases of a large and a small forest cycle, although there is a different terminology. Further, we have emphasised the natural role of disturbances and their explanation from the thermodynamic point of view – as an important component of an adaptive cycle, which supports conclusions that these natural phenomena not only participated in the evolution of the whole habitats, but from the long-term view, they may even increase the resilience and overall ecological stability of ecosystems. Finally, we have tried to apply the findings of the theories presented to derive or underlie several principles of the management of temperate deciduous and mixed natural forests, which we consider important.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The presented contribution in its first part summarizes several important theoretical findings of the system ecology supporting non-equilibrium paradigm of complex adaptive systems. We emphasise the concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics of living systems and the Holling’s adaptive cycle of a social-ecological system. In natural forests, the phases of an adaptive cycle fit to a substantial extent also to stages and phases of a large and a small forest cycle, although there is a different terminology. Further, we have emphasised the natural role of disturbances and their explanation from the thermodynamic point of view – as an important component of an adaptive cycle, which supports conclusions that these natural phenomena not only participated in the evolution of the whole habitats, but from the long-term view, they may even increase the resilience and overall ecological stability of ecosystems. Finally, we have tried to apply the findings of the theories presented to derive or underlie several principles of the management of temperate deciduous and mixed natural forests, which we consider important. |
Maltsev, Y; Maltseva, I The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 72-81, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Maltsev2018, title = {The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter}, author = {Y. Maltsev and I. Maltseva}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0002.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {72-81}, abstract = {The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons. |
Sytnyk, S; Lovynska, V; Lakyda, P; Maslikova, K Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 82-91, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Sytnyk2018, title = {Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine}, author = {S. Sytnyk and V. Lovynska and P. Lakyda and K. Maslikova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0003.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {82-91}, abstract = {The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m −3 , ranging from 375 kg m −3 to 612 kg m −3 ; with the average BD – 294 kg m −3 , ranging from 214 kg m −3 to 421 kg m −3 . The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m −3 , ranging from 254 to 491 kg m −3 ; with average BD – 317 kg m −3 , ranging from 178 to 433 kg m −3 . The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m −3 , ranging from 375 kg m −3 to 612 kg m −3 ; with the average BD – 294 kg m −3 , ranging from 214 kg m −3 to 421 kg m −3 . The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m −3 , ranging from 254 to 491 kg m −3 ; with average BD – 317 kg m −3 , ranging from 178 to 433 kg m −3 . The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species. |
Allahnouri, M; Aghbash, F G; Pazhouhan, I Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 92-101, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Allahnouri2018, title = {Traffic effects on leaf macro- and micro-morphological traits}, author = {M. Allahnouri and F.G. Aghbash and I. Pazhouhan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0004.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {92-101}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the traffic-related effects on morphological and anatomical traits of Fraxinus rotundifolia and Morus alba along the Malayer-Hamedan road. In the study area, populations of two species of F. rotundifolia (30 individual trees) and M. alba (30 individual trees) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the leaf and stomata dimensions at distances near to the roadside were significantly lower compared to longer distances from the road. For F. rotundifolia, the number of veins showed the lowest plasticity, while in case of M. alba, the stomata length (P = 0.52) and the number of veins (P = 0.54) showed the lowest plasticity related to the environmental conditions. Results of discriminant analysis for population grouping for the two species of F. rotundifolia and M. alba confirmed the accuracy of grouping 74.8% and 79.5%, respectively. In case of trees that were farther away from the road, guard and epidermal cells were located at the same level. We found that the leaf stomata in M. alba were closed more than in F. rotundifolia at the same distance. Totally, the results of this research show that the air pollution stress impacted the tree morphological traits. From the two species, F. rotundifolia was more resistant in terms of pollution stress.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to evaluate the traffic-related effects on morphological and anatomical traits of Fraxinus rotundifolia and Morus alba along the Malayer-Hamedan road. In the study area, populations of two species of F. rotundifolia (30 individual trees) and M. alba (30 individual trees) were selected for sampling. The results showed that the leaf and stomata dimensions at distances near to the roadside were significantly lower compared to longer distances from the road. For F. rotundifolia, the number of veins showed the lowest plasticity, while in case of M. alba, the stomata length (P = 0.52) and the number of veins (P = 0.54) showed the lowest plasticity related to the environmental conditions. Results of discriminant analysis for population grouping for the two species of F. rotundifolia and M. alba confirmed the accuracy of grouping 74.8% and 79.5%, respectively. In case of trees that were farther away from the road, guard and epidermal cells were located at the same level. We found that the leaf stomata in M. alba were closed more than in F. rotundifolia at the same distance. Totally, the results of this research show that the air pollution stress impacted the tree morphological traits. From the two species, F. rotundifolia was more resistant in terms of pollution stress. |
Vician, V; Kočík, K; Slobodník, B; Svitok, M; Stašiov, S Carabid communities (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in differently managed forage legume stands in the Podpoľanie region (Central Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 102-110, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Vician2018, title = {Carabid communities (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in differently managed forage legume stands in the Podpoľanie region (Central Slovakia)}, author = {V. Vician and K. Kočík and B. Slobodník and M. Svitok and S. Stašiov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0005.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {102-110}, abstract = {The paper presents the results of studies on the communities of Carabids from the land registry area of the Očová village (Podpoľanie region, Central Slovakia). The research was carried out in two consecutive vegetation periods on two different agricultural plots with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): the first of them (locality Nadhájniková) was managed intensively, and the second one (locality Koteľnice) was characterized by a nature-friendly, low-input agro-environmental management form, without application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. On the studied sites, the observed species composition of Carabidae was similar. Nevertheless, the higher total number of individuals and the higher species richness were typical for the nature-friendly managed plot in Koteľnice. On both plots, the highest abundances were reached in Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius and Pseudoophonus rufipes. On the intensively managed plot in Nadhájniková, however, the abundances of all these species were markedly lower. Our results suggest that the studied component of epigeic fauna finds better ecological conditions on the sites with the nature-friendly management form.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents the results of studies on the communities of Carabids from the land registry area of the Očová village (Podpoľanie region, Central Slovakia). The research was carried out in two consecutive vegetation periods on two different agricultural plots with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): the first of them (locality Nadhájniková) was managed intensively, and the second one (locality Koteľnice) was characterized by a nature-friendly, low-input agro-environmental management form, without application of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. On the studied sites, the observed species composition of Carabidae was similar. Nevertheless, the higher total number of individuals and the higher species richness were typical for the nature-friendly managed plot in Koteľnice. On both plots, the highest abundances were reached in Poecilus cupreus, Pterostichus melanarius and Pseudoophonus rufipes. On the intensively managed plot in Nadhájniková, however, the abundances of all these species were markedly lower. Our results suggest that the studied component of epigeic fauna finds better ecological conditions on the sites with the nature-friendly management form. |
Drahulian, M; Chaplygina, A; Savynska, N; Kostenko, S; Ostrovskyi, P; Gusar, K The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 111-119, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Drahulian2018, title = {The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca)}, author = {M. Drahulian and A. Chaplygina and N. Savynska and S. Kostenko and P. Ostrovskyi and K. Gusar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0006.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {111-119}, abstract = {The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC) 6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC) 6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation. |
Polláková, N Soils classified in the Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (2), pp. 120-128, 2018, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2018, title = {Soils classified in the Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol_2018_0007.pdf}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {2}, pages = {120-128}, abstract = {Successful adaptation of introduced trees requires providing appropriate conditions for their growth and life. In this context, our study aim was a soil survey in the Arboretum Mlyňany, on the basis of which the soils could be classified. Detailed soil investigations were done at seventeen sites under dense monocultures of trees and the grassland. For each site, there was dug one soil pit, near which there were made three soil bores. Over most area of the locality, the prevailing soil-forming substrates were decalcified loess and silt, with gravelly patches, with prevailing medium soil texture, and acid to slightly acid pH. Based on the morphological features and the results concerning the physical and chemical soil properties, seven quality-degrees of soil cover were classified. The lowest-quality was recognised in Fragic Stagnic Retisol, in the highest-situated, east part of Arboretum, and also in the central part of the Ambrozy’s park under Thuja plicata, where there was discerned also low quality Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The most area east of the manor house is covered with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (the North American and East Asian area with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric)). North of the manor, on a slight slope of the North American area was found a Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric). West of the manor, the terrain evenly declines, and there has been developed Luvic Chernozem, whose cultivated form, Luvic Chernozem (Anthric), was determined in the East Asian area.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Successful adaptation of introduced trees requires providing appropriate conditions for their growth and life. In this context, our study aim was a soil survey in the Arboretum Mlyňany, on the basis of which the soils could be classified. Detailed soil investigations were done at seventeen sites under dense monocultures of trees and the grassland. For each site, there was dug one soil pit, near which there were made three soil bores. Over most area of the locality, the prevailing soil-forming substrates were decalcified loess and silt, with gravelly patches, with prevailing medium soil texture, and acid to slightly acid pH. Based on the morphological features and the results concerning the physical and chemical soil properties, seven quality-degrees of soil cover were classified. The lowest-quality was recognised in Fragic Stagnic Retisol, in the highest-situated, east part of Arboretum, and also in the central part of the Ambrozy’s park under Thuja plicata, where there was discerned also low quality Albic Stagnic Luvisol. The most area east of the manor house is covered with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (the North American and East Asian area with Stagnic Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric)). North of the manor, on a slight slope of the North American area was found a Cutanic Luvisol (Anthric). West of the manor, the terrain evenly declines, and there has been developed Luvic Chernozem, whose cultivated form, Luvic Chernozem (Anthric), was determined in the East Asian area. |
➤ Volume 45(1) 2018
Sedmáková, D; Kýpeťová, M; Saniga, M; Pittner, J; Vencurik, J; Kucbel, S; Jaloviar, P Deer game, a key factor affecting population of European yew in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 1-7, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Sedmáková2018, title = {Deer game, a key factor affecting population of European yew in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, Slovakia}, author = {D. Sedmáková and M. Kýpeťová and M Saniga and J. Pittner and J. Vencurik and S. Kucbel and P. Jaloviar}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0001-3.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {Browsing and bark peeling by ungulates is known to affect biodiversity and may constitute the main driving factor of single tree population dynamics. In Slovakia, European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a threatened species protected by law and present in many protected areas. In the study, we emphasize that protecting land and individual plants may not be sufficient for maintaining of yew populations, unless controlling over damage by deer game is also undertaken. Our results show that in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, browsing and bark peeling constitute the main negative factor affecting yew seedling-sapling ingrowth transition, and the mortality and vitality loss of adult yew trees. We argue that ungulates may have a larger effect on biodiversity conservation than currently realized.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Browsing and bark peeling by ungulates is known to affect biodiversity and may constitute the main driving factor of single tree population dynamics. In Slovakia, European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a threatened species protected by law and present in many protected areas. In the study, we emphasize that protecting land and individual plants may not be sufficient for maintaining of yew populations, unless controlling over damage by deer game is also undertaken. Our results show that in beech forests of the Veľká Fatra Mts, browsing and bark peeling constitute the main negative factor affecting yew seedling-sapling ingrowth transition, and the mortality and vitality loss of adult yew trees. We argue that ungulates may have a larger effect on biodiversity conservation than currently realized. |
Martynov, V O; Brygadyrenko, V V The impact of some inorganic substances on change in body mass of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae in a laboratory experiment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 24-32, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Martynov2018, title = {The impact of some inorganic substances on change in body mass of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae in a laboratory experiment}, author = {V.O. Martynov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {24-32}, abstract = {Addition of low concentrations of metal ions to the diet of saprophagous insects can impact on their metabolism over a short period of time, causing an increase or decrease in their body mass. This article presents a 14-day laboratory experiment evaluating the changes in the body mass of larval stage 3 of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) induced by adding different inorganic substances (350 mg kg–1 of dry fodder) to the diet of the larvae. Following the addition of inorganic substances to the fodder, the most marked differences compared to the control were observed in the groups which consumed substrate with lead nitrate (the mass of the larvae increased on average by 102.6% compared to increase in mass in the control variant of the experiments), cobalt nitrate (by 96.9%), calcium chloride (by 89.1%) sodium triphosphate (by 86.0%), zinc chloride (by 83.5%). A nonsignificant effect (a tendency of increase in the body mass) on T. molitor larvae was caused by manganese sulfate (by 57.8%), aluminium nitrate (by 57.3%), iron oxide (by 51.5%), barium nitrate (by 47.9%), orthophosphoric acid (by 47.4%), manganese chloride (by 46.5%), calcium carbonate (by 27.7%), iron sulfate (by 24.2%) and ammonium heptamolybdate (by –7.5%). Therefore, 5 out of the 15 studied inorganic substances significantly stimulated the increase in the body weight of T. molitor larvae, and 7 manifested these capacities at the level of tendency (stimulated an increase in body weight averaging 43–58% over the 14-day experiment). The obtained data indicate a necessity for further study on the impact of inorganic pollutants on different stages of insects.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Addition of low concentrations of metal ions to the diet of saprophagous insects can impact on their metabolism over a short period of time, causing an increase or decrease in their body mass. This article presents a 14-day laboratory experiment evaluating the changes in the body mass of larval stage 3 of Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) induced by adding different inorganic substances (350 mg kg–1 of dry fodder) to the diet of the larvae. Following the addition of inorganic substances to the fodder, the most marked differences compared to the control were observed in the groups which consumed substrate with lead nitrate (the mass of the larvae increased on average by 102.6% compared to increase in mass in the control variant of the experiments), cobalt nitrate (by 96.9%), calcium chloride (by 89.1%) sodium triphosphate (by 86.0%), zinc chloride (by 83.5%). A nonsignificant effect (a tendency of increase in the body mass) on T. molitor larvae was caused by manganese sulfate (by 57.8%), aluminium nitrate (by 57.3%), iron oxide (by 51.5%), barium nitrate (by 47.9%), orthophosphoric acid (by 47.4%), manganese chloride (by 46.5%), calcium carbonate (by 27.7%), iron sulfate (by 24.2%) and ammonium heptamolybdate (by –7.5%). Therefore, 5 out of the 15 studied inorganic substances significantly stimulated the increase in the body weight of T. molitor larvae, and 7 manifested these capacities at the level of tendency (stimulated an increase in body weight averaging 43–58% over the 14-day experiment). The obtained data indicate a necessity for further study on the impact of inorganic pollutants on different stages of insects. |
Uhrin, P; Supuka, J; Billiková, M Growth adaptability of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) to urban environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 33-45, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Uhrin2018, title = {Growth adaptability of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) to urban environment}, author = {P. Uhrin and J. Supuka and M. Billiková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {33-45}, abstract = {Adaptability of Acer platanoides L. to deteriorating urban conditions was assessed through qualitative parameters describing crown destruction, assimilation organs efficiency, chlorophyll a content, and content of alochtonous elements in leaves. The adaptability assessment was based on comparison between study trees growing in an environmentally loaded town area and control trees in a historical rural park, both localities in Slovakia (Central Europe). The results of visual assessments performed in 2015 and 2016 showed higher crown and leaf quality (Qns) for the individuals growing in the rural park (Qns2015 = 0.44, Qns2016 = 0.43) compared to the individuals in urban conditions (Qns2015 = 1.44, Qns2016 = 1.56). The values of chlorophyll a content index (CCI) were higher in the trees growing in the rural park (CCI = 25.914) than in the urban environment (CCI = 16.290). The performance of assimilation organs was evaluated through the maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) at both sites. During the years 2015 and 2016, there were measured higher values in the rural park (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.828, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.820) than in the town (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.823, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.772). Higher ETR values were measured on trees in the urban area (ETR2015 = 47.345, ETR2016 = 65.284) and lower in the park area (ETR2015 = 36.832, ETR2016 = 59.495). The urban locality demonstrated higher contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Na and Ca elements in tree leaves compared to the rural park. The adaptability index (Ia) values indicate an average adaptability of the Norway maple to the urban environment (Ia2015 = 1.93, Ia2016 = 2.13) in comparison with a good adaptability in the rural park (Ia = 0.8–1.6).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Adaptability of Acer platanoides L. to deteriorating urban conditions was assessed through qualitative parameters describing crown destruction, assimilation organs efficiency, chlorophyll a content, and content of alochtonous elements in leaves. The adaptability assessment was based on comparison between study trees growing in an environmentally loaded town area and control trees in a historical rural park, both localities in Slovakia (Central Europe). The results of visual assessments performed in 2015 and 2016 showed higher crown and leaf quality (Qns) for the individuals growing in the rural park (Qns2015 = 0.44, Qns2016 = 0.43) compared to the individuals in urban conditions (Qns2015 = 1.44, Qns2016 = 1.56). The values of chlorophyll a content index (CCI) were higher in the trees growing in the rural park (CCI = 25.914) than in the urban environment (CCI = 16.290). The performance of assimilation organs was evaluated through the maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) at both sites. During the years 2015 and 2016, there were measured higher values in the rural park (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.828, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.820) than in the town (Fv/Fm2015 = 0.823, Fv/Fm2016 = 0.772). Higher ETR values were measured on trees in the urban area (ETR2015 = 47.345, ETR2016 = 65.284) and lower in the park area (ETR2015 = 36.832, ETR2016 = 59.495). The urban locality demonstrated higher contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Na and Ca elements in tree leaves compared to the rural park. The adaptability index (Ia) values indicate an average adaptability of the Norway maple to the urban environment (Ia2015 = 1.93, Ia2016 = 2.13) in comparison with a good adaptability in the rural park (Ia = 0.8–1.6). |
Zadorozhnaya, G A; Andrusevych, K V; Zhukov, O V Soil heterogeneity after recultivation: ecological aspect Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 46-52, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zadorozhnaya2018, title = {Soil heterogeneity after recultivation: ecological aspect}, author = {G.A. Zadorozhnaya and K.V Andrusevych and O.V. Zhukov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0005}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {46-52}, abstract = {The study subject was the soil heterogeneity at a recultivation site Nikopol manganese-ore basin (Pokrov, Ukraine). The soils at the locality are sod lithogenic soils developed on gray-green clays. The study ran by applying soil penetration resistance indices. The penetration resistance was measured across a regular grid of 7 × 15 points (21 × 45 m). The distance between the measurement points was 3 m. The parameters were recorded at every 5 cm to a depth of 50 cm. The environmental parameters were determined by phytoindication. Geostatistical analysis showed the average level of spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance. According to the features of the profile variation in penetration resistance with the depth, the measurement points have been divided into three clusters. The clusters formed morphologically homogeneous soil areas. These areas significantly differed in their soil acidity and in nitrogen content in soil.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study subject was the soil heterogeneity at a recultivation site Nikopol manganese-ore basin (Pokrov, Ukraine). The soils at the locality are sod lithogenic soils developed on gray-green clays. The study ran by applying soil penetration resistance indices. The penetration resistance was measured across a regular grid of 7 × 15 points (21 × 45 m). The distance between the measurement points was 3 m. The parameters were recorded at every 5 cm to a depth of 50 cm. The environmental parameters were determined by phytoindication. Geostatistical analysis showed the average level of spatial dependence of soil penetration resistance. According to the features of the profile variation in penetration resistance with the depth, the measurement points have been divided into three clusters. The clusters formed morphologically homogeneous soil areas. These areas significantly differed in their soil acidity and in nitrogen content in soil. |
Ivanová, H Identification and characterization of the fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum on necrotic shoots of declining ash in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 53-57, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Helena2018, title = {Identification and characterization of the fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum on necrotic shoots of declining ash in Slovakia}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0006}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {53-57}, abstract = {Formerly, before the current Hymenoscyphus fraxineus epidemic, symptomatic ash twigs were habitually colonized by fungi occurring occasionally in the early stages of ash diseases. Some of these fungi are endophytes or facultative parasites. The segments of diseased shoots of the studied trees were collected from a seed orchard situated in southwest Slovakia. The frequently isolated fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum was identified microscopically and characterized with the aid of morphological keys. The disease symptoms comprise wood cankers, bud necrosis, and shoot and branch dieback displayed through bleached, necrotic or discoloured canes in infected trees. Despite the Dothiorella species has not yet been recognized to have significant economic consequences, the cumulative effects of various stressful biotic and abiotic factors may induce disorder and decline of ash trees in Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Formerly, before the current Hymenoscyphus fraxineus epidemic, symptomatic ash twigs were habitually colonized by fungi occurring occasionally in the early stages of ash diseases. Some of these fungi are endophytes or facultative parasites. The segments of diseased shoots of the studied trees were collected from a seed orchard situated in southwest Slovakia. The frequently isolated fungus Dothiorella sarmentorum was identified microscopically and characterized with the aid of morphological keys. The disease symptoms comprise wood cankers, bud necrosis, and shoot and branch dieback displayed through bleached, necrotic or discoloured canes in infected trees. Despite the Dothiorella species has not yet been recognized to have significant economic consequences, the cumulative effects of various stressful biotic and abiotic factors may induce disorder and decline of ash trees in Slovakia. |
Zhukov, O V; Kunah, O M; Dubinina, Y Y; Novikova, V O The role of edaphic, vegetational and spatial factors in structuring soil animal communities in a floodplain forest of the Dnipro river Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 45 (1), pp. 8-23, 2018, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Zhukov2018, title = {The role of edaphic, vegetational and spatial factors in structuring soil animal communities in a floodplain forest of the Dnipro river}, author = {O.V. Zhukov and O.M. Kunah and Y.Y. Dubinina and V.O. Novikova}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2018-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.2478/foecol-2018-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {45}, number = {1}, pages = {8-23}, abstract = {This paper examines the role of ecological factors, derived from principal component analysis performed on edaphic and vegetational dataset as well as spatial variables, in structuring the soil macrofauna community of the Dnipro floodplain within the ‘Dnipro-Orilsky’ Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The soil macrofauna was defined as invertebrates visible to the naked eye (macroscopic organisms). The test points formed a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m with 7 × 15 dimensions. Thus, the total test point number was 105. At each point, soil-zoological samples of 0.25 × 0.25 m were taken for quantifying the soil macrofauna. The spatial structure was modeled by a set of independent spatial patterns obtained by means of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices analysis (PCNM-variables). Spatial PCNM-variables explain significantly more variations of the community (19.9%) than edaphic factors (4.1%) and vegetation factors (3.2%). Spatial and combined environmental and spatial effects were divided into three components: broad-scale component was characterized by periodicity of spatial variation with a wavelength of 24.0–44.5 m, medium-scale – 11.1–20 m, fine-scale 6.6–11.0 m. For a broad-scale component, environmental factors of a vegetational nature are more important, for medium-scale, edaphic factors are more important, for fine-scale, both vegetation and edaphic are important. For litter-dwelling animals, the most characteristic spatial patterns are on the broad and medium-scale levels. For endogeic and anecic animals, the most significant variability is on the fine-scale level.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper examines the role of ecological factors, derived from principal component analysis performed on edaphic and vegetational dataset as well as spatial variables, in structuring the soil macrofauna community of the Dnipro floodplain within the ‘Dnipro-Orilsky’ Nature Reserve (Ukraine). The soil macrofauna was defined as invertebrates visible to the naked eye (macroscopic organisms). The test points formed a regular grid with a mesh size of 3 m with 7 × 15 dimensions. Thus, the total test point number was 105. At each point, soil-zoological samples of 0.25 × 0.25 m were taken for quantifying the soil macrofauna. The spatial structure was modeled by a set of independent spatial patterns obtained by means of principal coordinates of neighbor matrices analysis (PCNM-variables). Spatial PCNM-variables explain significantly more variations of the community (19.9%) than edaphic factors (4.1%) and vegetation factors (3.2%). Spatial and combined environmental and spatial effects were divided into three components: broad-scale component was characterized by periodicity of spatial variation with a wavelength of 24.0–44.5 m, medium-scale – 11.1–20 m, fine-scale 6.6–11.0 m. For a broad-scale component, environmental factors of a vegetational nature are more important, for medium-scale, edaphic factors are more important, for fine-scale, both vegetation and edaphic are important. For litter-dwelling animals, the most characteristic spatial patterns are on the broad and medium-scale levels. For endogeic and anecic animals, the most significant variability is on the fine-scale level. |
➤ Volume 44(2) 2017
Rad, J E; Valadi, G; Zargaran, M R Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 61-68, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Rad2017, title = {Effect of man-made disturbances on understory plant richness of oak forests in Iran}, author = {J.E. Rad and G. Valadi and M.R. Zargaran}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0001-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0008}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {61-68}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2 plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and also rarefaction, jackknife methods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of disturbance degree on the species richness and species diversity of oak forests in the Kurdistan Province (Iran). The study ran on three treatments: undisturbed, moderately disturbed, and highly disturbed. For each treatment, there were selected three forest patches with similar physiographic conditions and on each patch there were specified three 400 m2 plots for recording floristic data. The species’ name and the abundance of herbaceous species were recorded on 5 micro plots sized 1.5 × 1.5 m for each sample. Menhinick, Margalef, the number of species indices and also rarefaction, jackknife methods and species abundance distribution models were used to estimate the herbaceous species richness for the three treatments. The results showed that all the richness indices had the highest values for the undisturbed forests and the lowest values for the highly disturbed ones. Based on all models, undisturbed forests were showed more diverse than highly disturbed area. Generally the negative impact of human activities (wood cutting and grazing) on the herbaceous species richness was found much stronger in the highly disturbed forests and in moderately disturbed forests compared the undisturbed ones. With increasing destruction intensity, the herbaceous species richness in the oak forests decreased dramatically. |
Ferezliev, A Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 69-77, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferezliev2017, title = {Relationship between particular dendrobiometrical indicators of natural European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) dendrocenoses in Central Balkan Range}, author = {A. Ferezliev}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0002-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0009}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {69-77}, abstract = {In parallel studies, different regression models were tested to identify relationships between particular dendrobiometrical indicators on two sample plots representing forests dominated by the European beech in the Central Balkan Range (Bulgaria). The presence of incomplete multicollinearity was studied through correlation matrix for factor variables. Тo avoid multicollinear negative impact, step multiple regression was applied and adequate regression equations of the relationships under consideration were formulated. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that the link between the investigated indicators is strong and that the ’cloud‘ data show some ’sphericity‘ and distribution close to normal. In one of the sample plots, one major volumeforming factor – height does not participate in the obtained regression equation, so it is not possible to estimate its influence. By testing linear and several nonlinear regression dependencies and by mediating widely used statistical criterions for model selection, the optimal linear model of the considered link was chosen.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In parallel studies, different regression models were tested to identify relationships between particular dendrobiometrical indicators on two sample plots representing forests dominated by the European beech in the Central Balkan Range (Bulgaria). The presence of incomplete multicollinearity was studied through correlation matrix for factor variables. Тo avoid multicollinear negative impact, step multiple regression was applied and adequate regression equations of the relationships under consideration were formulated. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that the link between the investigated indicators is strong and that the ’cloud‘ data show some ’sphericity‘ and distribution close to normal. In one of the sample plots, one major volumeforming factor – height does not participate in the obtained regression equation, so it is not possible to estimate its influence. By testing linear and several nonlinear regression dependencies and by mediating widely used statistical criterions for model selection, the optimal linear model of the considered link was chosen. |
Polláková, N; Šimanský, V; Jonczak, J Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 78-86, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2017, title = {Characteristics of physical properties in soil profiles under selected introduced trees in the Nature Reserve Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková and V. Šimanský and J. Jonczak}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0003-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0010}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {78-86}, abstract = {The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The relationship between introduced trees roots and soils in which they grow is the most important factor influencing the adaptation, growth and health of these trees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify which physical soil properties enhance or limit the vitality of the studied introduced trees in the Arboretum Mlyňany. Soil properties were studied in seven soil profiles under dense monocultures of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Juniperus Chinensis, Thuja orientalis, Thuja plicata, Picea orientalis and Pinus nigra. The results showed that all stagnic horizons had exceeded the limit values of total porosity and bulk density, hence these horizons were compacted. Based on the soil and climatic requirements of the examined trees we conclude that the soil properties of their sites in arboretum are suitable for: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Thuja orientalis and Pinus nigra. Nevertheless, physical properties in profiles under Picea orientalis and Juniperus Chinensis do not permit rapid drainage of water, what is unfavourable for healthy development of these two species; while Thuja plicata demanding high moisture supply is grown on soil with high coarse porosity, a prerequisite of fast rainwater drainage. However, since none of the studied introduced trees had suffered from physiological disorders or diseases, they may be declared acclimatized well in the soil-climate conditions described in this study. |
Ferus, P; Hoťka, P; Konôpková, J Drought and frost tolerance in rhododendron collection of the Mlyňany Arboretum (Slovakia): a screening for future climate Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 87-95, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Ferus2017b, title = {Drought and frost tolerance in rhododendron collection of the Mlyňany Arboretum (Slovakia): a screening for future climate}, author = {P. Ferus and P. Hoťka and J. Konôpková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0004-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0011}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {87-95}, abstract = {Rhododendrons are jewels of the Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IFE SAS). Blossoming in May, they attract thousands of visitors. But recently these woody plants have much suffered from climatic extremes such as summer droughts and winter frosts, associated with the advancing climate change. To assess the rhododendron collection´s stability, its drought and frost injury level were tested in field, in summer 2015 and winter 2017, respectively. The tested parameters were: leaf wilting and electrolyte leakage combined with shrub leaf area, insolation level and overall health state. We found that the drought effect was strong or very strong in only ca. 30% rhododendron species and ca. 10% rhododendron cultivars, and that around 60% shrubs showed no or only moderate symptoms of water deficit. The drought injury level was only associated with the genotype. The most tolerant / sensitive genotypes, commonly occurring in the park, were: R. catawbiense, R. ponticum, R. smirnowii, cv. ´Boursault´, cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ and cv. ´Purpureum Elegans´ / R. fortunei and cv. ´Tamarindos´. On the other hand, the most frequent response to frost in the observed rhododendron genotypes was moderate injury (28 and 37% for species and cultivars, respectively), nevertheless more than 18% species and almost 6% cultivars exhibited strong frost damage. Despite absence of significant differences in the factor-response between the species, we may suggest this decreasing sequence of the genotypes ordered according to their frost resistance: genotypes: cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ > R. decorum > R. fortunei and cv. ´Duke of York´ > R. smirnowii > cvs. ´Purpureum Elegans´and ´Tamarindos´ > R. macrophyllum and cv. ´Nova Zembla´ > R. catawbiense > R. ponticum. These results have been compared with similar works in rhododendron species/cultivars as well as suggested species drought/frost tolerance derived from climatic conditions in the area of their natural distribution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rhododendrons are jewels of the Mlyňany Arboretum, Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (IFE SAS). Blossoming in May, they attract thousands of visitors. But recently these woody plants have much suffered from climatic extremes such as summer droughts and winter frosts, associated with the advancing climate change. To assess the rhododendron collection´s stability, its drought and frost injury level were tested in field, in summer 2015 and winter 2017, respectively. The tested parameters were: leaf wilting and electrolyte leakage combined with shrub leaf area, insolation level and overall health state. We found that the drought effect was strong or very strong in only ca. 30% rhododendron species and ca. 10% rhododendron cultivars, and that around 60% shrubs showed no or only moderate symptoms of water deficit. The drought injury level was only associated with the genotype. The most tolerant / sensitive genotypes, commonly occurring in the park, were: R. catawbiense, R. ponticum, R. smirnowii, cv. ´Boursault´, cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ and cv. ´Purpureum Elegans´ / R. fortunei and cv. ´Tamarindos´. On the other hand, the most frequent response to frost in the observed rhododendron genotypes was moderate injury (28 and 37% for species and cultivars, respectively), nevertheless more than 18% species and almost 6% cultivars exhibited strong frost damage. Despite absence of significant differences in the factor-response between the species, we may suggest this decreasing sequence of the genotypes ordered according to their frost resistance: genotypes: cv. ´Cunningham´s White´ > R. decorum > R. fortunei and cv. ´Duke of York´ > R. smirnowii > cvs. ´Purpureum Elegans´and ´Tamarindos´ > R. macrophyllum and cv. ´Nova Zembla´ > R. catawbiense > R. ponticum. These results have been compared with similar works in rhododendron species/cultivars as well as suggested species drought/frost tolerance derived from climatic conditions in the area of their natural distribution. |
Kukla, J; Bublinec, E; Schieber, B; Kellerová, D; Bičárová, S; Janík, R Immission-load-related dynamics of S-SO42– in precipitation and in lysimetric solutions penetrating through beech ecosystems Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 96-106, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Kukla2017, title = {Immission-load-related dynamics of S-SO_{4}^{2–} in precipitation and in lysimetric solutions penetrating through beech ecosystems}, author = {J. Kukla and E. Bublinec and B. Schieber and D. Kellerová and S. Bičárová and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0005-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0012}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {96-106}, abstract = {The paper presents the results of a 23-year study of sulphate sulphur dynamics in beech ecosystems exposed to different immission loads. The amounts of S-SO42– in precipitation water entering the ecosystems were: the Kremnické vrchy Mts, a clear-cut area 519 kg ha–1 (24.7 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 476 kg ha–1 (22.7 kg ha–1 per year); the Štiavnické vrchy Mts an open place 401 kg ha–1 (24.6 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 324 kg ha–1 (19.1 kg ha–1 per year). The average SO42– concentrations in lysimetric solutions penetrating through surface humus to a depth of Cambisol 10 and 25 cm were increased as follows: in the Kremnické vrchy Mts from 12.71 to 16.17 mg l–1 and in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts from 18.73 to 28.80 mg l–1. The S-SO4-2 amounts penetrating the individual soil layers in the Kremnické vrchy Mts were as follows: in case of surface humus on clear-cut area 459 kg ha–1 (20.9 kg ha–1 per year), in beech forest 433 kg ha–1 (19.7 kg ha–1 per year); below 10 cm organo-mineral layer of the mentioned plots penetrated 169–171 kg ha–1 (7.7–7.8 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer 155–255 kg ha–1 (7.1–11.6 kg ha–1 per year) – a higher amount was found on clear-cut area with an episodic lateral flow of soil solutions. In beech forest of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts penetrated below surface humus 424 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (18.9 kg ha–1 per year), below 10 cm mineral layer 458 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (19.9 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer as much as 599 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (26.0 kg ha–1 per year). This fact was caused by frequent lateral flow of soil solutions. The results indicate that the assumption about lower immission load of the beech ecosystem in the Kremnické vrchy Mts is wrong, at least in the case of S-SO42–. The testing has revealed that the studied beech ecosystems differ very significantly in sulphur amounts penetrating under 0.10 m and 0.25 m. The inter-annual differences were insignificant.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The paper presents the results of a 23-year study of sulphate sulphur dynamics in beech ecosystems exposed to different immission loads. The amounts of S-SO42– in precipitation water entering the ecosystems were: the Kremnické vrchy Mts, a clear-cut area 519 kg ha–1 (24.7 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 476 kg ha–1 (22.7 kg ha–1 per year); the Štiavnické vrchy Mts an open place 401 kg ha–1 (24.6 kg ha–1 per year), a beech forest 324 kg ha–1 (19.1 kg ha–1 per year). The average SO42– concentrations in lysimetric solutions penetrating through surface humus to a depth of Cambisol 10 and 25 cm were increased as follows: in the Kremnické vrchy Mts from 12.71 to 16.17 mg l–1 and in the Štiavnické vrchy Mts from 18.73 to 28.80 mg l–1. The S-SO4-2 amounts penetrating the individual soil layers in the Kremnické vrchy Mts were as follows: in case of surface humus on clear-cut area 459 kg ha–1 (20.9 kg ha–1 per year), in beech forest 433 kg ha–1 (19.7 kg ha–1 per year); below 10 cm organo-mineral layer of the mentioned plots penetrated 169–171 kg ha–1 (7.7–7.8 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer 155–255 kg ha–1 (7.1–11.6 kg ha–1 per year) – a higher amount was found on clear-cut area with an episodic lateral flow of soil solutions. In beech forest of the Štiavnické vrchy Mts penetrated below surface humus 424 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (18.9 kg ha–1 per year), below 10 cm mineral layer 458 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (19.9 kg ha–1 per year), and below 25 cm mineral layer as much as 599 kg ha–1 S-SO42– (26.0 kg ha–1 per year). This fact was caused by frequent lateral flow of soil solutions. The results indicate that the assumption about lower immission load of the beech ecosystem in the Kremnické vrchy Mts is wrong, at least in the case of S-SO42–. The testing has revealed that the studied beech ecosystems differ very significantly in sulphur amounts penetrating under 0.10 m and 0.25 m. The inter-annual differences were insignificant. |
Demko, J; Machava, J; Saniga, M Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 107-113, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Demko2017, title = {Energy production analysis of Common Reed – Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.}, author = {J. Demko and J. Machava and M. Saniga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0006-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0013}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {107-113}, abstract = {Slovakia is a country with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g–1 d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha–1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg–1 of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg–1 (52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Slovakia is a country with limited natural resources, therefore its essential task is to search for new renewable sources of energy to reduce its dependence on imported fossil fuels. The results of research confirmed that the Common Reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.) has considerable potential of phytomass production and energy storage (calorific value reached 17,448 J g–1 d.w.). Biomass production of Common Reed under natural conditions of the lower Liptov region reached 12.702 tons of a dry mater per hectare with the calculated energy storage of 221.622 GJ ha–1. The average biogas production was 351.31 l kg–1 of a dry matter of which the methane (CH4) content represents 185.21 l kg–1 (52.72%). With regards to the values of combustion heat, a calorific value and the production of methane it can also be noted that in case of Common Reed it is more profitable to focus on direct combustion of biomass than the production of biogas and methane. |
Langraf, V; Petrovičová, K; David, S; Ábelová, M; Schlarmannová, J Body volume in ground beetles (Carabidae) reflects biotope disturbance Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (2), pp. 114-120, 2017, ISBN: 1336-5266. @article{Langraf2017, title = {Body volume in ground beetles (Carabidae) reflects biotope disturbance}, author = {V. Langraf and K. Petrovičová and S. David and M. Ábelová and J. Schlarmannová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0007-1.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0014}, isbn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {2}, pages = {114-120}, abstract = {Changes in body size of living organisms can indicate changes in environmental quality. The family Carabidae is frequently used as an indicator of environmental status. We collected ground beetles in 9 Slovakian localities (in the Veporské vrchy Mts and the Juhoslovenská kotlina Basin) of various levels of disturbance, and evaluated the volume of individuals. The lowest average body volumes of individual were found for an intensively grazed pasture (locality 5) and a nitrophilous waterside vegetation (locality 6) (1,298 mm3–4,648 mm3) with predominantly macropterous species. We have confirmed the significantly higher average biovolume value of individual Carabidae in less disturbed habitats: a Picea abies plantation (locality 1), a Carpathian oak-hornbeam forest (locality 4) and a Carpathian turkey oak forest (locality 7) (from 9,837 mm3 to 13,038 mm3), where apterous and brachypterous species dominated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes in body size of living organisms can indicate changes in environmental quality. The family Carabidae is frequently used as an indicator of environmental status. We collected ground beetles in 9 Slovakian localities (in the Veporské vrchy Mts and the Juhoslovenská kotlina Basin) of various levels of disturbance, and evaluated the volume of individuals. The lowest average body volumes of individual were found for an intensively grazed pasture (locality 5) and a nitrophilous waterside vegetation (locality 6) (1,298 mm3–4,648 mm3) with predominantly macropterous species. We have confirmed the significantly higher average biovolume value of individual Carabidae in less disturbed habitats: a Picea abies plantation (locality 1), a Carpathian oak-hornbeam forest (locality 4) and a Carpathian turkey oak forest (locality 7) (from 9,837 mm3 to 13,038 mm3), where apterous and brachypterous species dominated. |
➤ Volume 44(1) 2017
Bartha, D; Tiborcz, V Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 1-10, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bartha2017, title = {Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories}, author = {D. Bartha and V. Tiborcz}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0001.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0001}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoelements were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoelements were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity. |
Gašová, K; Kuklová, M; Kukla, J Contents of nutrients and arsenic in litterfall and surface humus in mature nudal beech stands subjected to different emission-immission loads Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 11-19, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gašová2017, title = {Contents of nutrients and arsenic in litterfall and surface humus in mature nudal beech stands subjected to different emission-immission loads}, author = {K. Gašová and M. Kuklová and J. Kukla}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0002.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0002}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, abstract = {The aim of the paper was to compare the litterfall and surface humus (Oo) quality in nudal beech stands with different emission-immission load from the Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom. The study was carried out in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (control stand, 18 km from the emission source) and the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (stressed stand, 1.5 km from the emission source), both in Central Slovakia. The contents of arsenic and nutrients (Cat, Mgt, Kt, Nat), with exception of calcium in the beech litterfall from the stressed stand were markedly higher (by 4.3%, 23.9%, 2.1% and 87.9%, respectively) compared to the samples taken from the control plot. On the contrary, the surface humus samples (with the exception of Na in the necrotic Oon subhorizon) from control plot were richer in nutrients. However, significant differences (p < 0.01) between the plots were observed for Ca content in the litterfall as well as in the surface humus. The concentrations of As in Oo samples from the stressed stand mainly increased with the organic horizon depth (mg kg–1): necrotic Oon 1.10 < fermentation Oof 3.1 < humification Ooh 55.6. The results showed, that As amounts detected in subhorizon Ooh and in beech litterfall from the stressed stand were higher than the limit values, thus indicating that the environment of the Žiar territory is exposed to persistent negative impacts of industrial activities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the paper was to compare the litterfall and surface humus (Oo) quality in nudal beech stands with different emission-immission load from the Al smelter Žiar nad Hronom. The study was carried out in the Kremnické vrchy Mts (control stand, 18 km from the emission source) and the Štiavnické vrchy Mts (stressed stand, 1.5 km from the emission source), both in Central Slovakia. The contents of arsenic and nutrients (Cat, Mgt, Kt, Nat), with exception of calcium in the beech litterfall from the stressed stand were markedly higher (by 4.3%, 23.9%, 2.1% and 87.9%, respectively) compared to the samples taken from the control plot. On the contrary, the surface humus samples (with the exception of Na in the necrotic Oon subhorizon) from control plot were richer in nutrients. However, significant differences (p < 0.01) between the plots were observed for Ca content in the litterfall as well as in the surface humus. The concentrations of As in Oo samples from the stressed stand mainly increased with the organic horizon depth (mg kg–1): necrotic Oon 1.10 < fermentation Oof 3.1 < humification Ooh 55.6. The results showed, that As amounts detected in subhorizon Ooh and in beech litterfall from the stressed stand were higher than the limit values, thus indicating that the environment of the Žiar territory is exposed to persistent negative impacts of industrial activities. |
Yousefi, S; Kartoolinejad, D; Bahmani, M; Naghdi, R Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 20-27, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Yousefi2017, title = {Salinity tolerance of Dodonaea viscosa L. inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: assessed based on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics}, author = {S. Yousefi and D. Kartoolinejad and M. Bahmani and R. Naghdi}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0003.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0003}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {20-27}, abstract = {The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of different strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce the effects of salinity stress on the medicinal hopbush plant. The bacterium factor was applied at five levels (non-inoculated, inoculated by Pseudomonas putida, Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida, and Azospirillum lipoferum + Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida), and the salinity stress at six levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 dS m–1. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida showed maximal germination percentage and rate at 20 dS m–1 (18.33% and 0.35 seed per day, respectively). The strongest effect among the treatments was obtained with the treatment combining the given 3 bacteria at 15 dS m–1 salinity stress. This treatment increased the root fresh and dry weights by 31% and 87.5%, respectively (compared to the control). Our results indicate that these bacteria applied on hopbush affected positively both its germination and root growth. The plant compatibility with the three bacteria was found good, and the treatments combining Pseudomonas putida with the other one or two bacteria discussed in this study can be applied in nurseries in order to restore and extend the area of hopbush forests and akin dry stands.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study was conducted to evaluate the potential of different strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to reduce the effects of salinity stress on the medicinal hopbush plant. The bacterium factor was applied at five levels (non-inoculated, inoculated by Pseudomonas putida, Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida, and Azospirillum lipoferum + Azotobacter chroococcum + Pseudomonas putida), and the salinity stress at six levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 50 dS m–1. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida showed maximal germination percentage and rate at 20 dS m–1 (18.33% and 0.35 seed per day, respectively). The strongest effect among the treatments was obtained with the treatment combining the given 3 bacteria at 15 dS m–1 salinity stress. This treatment increased the root fresh and dry weights by 31% and 87.5%, respectively (compared to the control). Our results indicate that these bacteria applied on hopbush affected positively both its germination and root growth. The plant compatibility with the three bacteria was found good, and the treatments combining Pseudomonas putida with the other one or two bacteria discussed in this study can be applied in nurseries in order to restore and extend the area of hopbush forests and akin dry stands. |
Shulman, M V; Pakhomov, O Y; Brygadyrenko, V V Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 28-37, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Shulman2017, title = {Effect of lead and cadmium ions upon the pupariation and morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera, Calliphoridae)}, author = {M.V. Shulman and O.Y. Pakhomov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0004.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0004}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {28-37}, abstract = {Modelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10–2–10–9 М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Modelling the influence of different concentrations of lead and cadmium ions upon a laboratory culture of insects has not been adequately studied. In our research, we assessed the influence of cadmium and lead nitrates at different concentrations (10–2–10–9 М) upon the development of larvae, pupae and imagines of Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We found an acceleration in the development of larvae and an increase in mass of puparia when lead ions were added to the food of the larvae, and decrease in the mass of puparia when cadmium ions were added. We registered nanism and malformation of the fly imagines in experiments with lead and cadmium in the food substrate. We observed that under the influence of the studied heavy metal ions there was a reduced motor activity of the fly larvae at all stages of development, a delay in formation of puparia and a delay in the emergence of imagines in comparison with the control group. |
Sytnyk, S; Lovynska, V; Lakyda, I Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 38-45, 2017, ISSN: 13365266. @article{Sytnyk2017, title = {Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe}, author = {S. Sytnyk and V. Lovynska and I. Lakyda}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0005.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0005}, issn = {13365266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {38-45}, abstract = {Our study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone – Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014–2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Our study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone – Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014–2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage. |
Tužinský, L; Bublinec, E; Tužinský, M Development of soil water regime under spruce stands Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 46-53, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tužinský2017, title = {Development of soil water regime under spruce stands}, author = {L. Tužinský and E. Bublinec and M. Tužinský}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0006.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0006}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to analyse the water regime of soils under spruce ecosystems in relation to long-lasting humid and drought periods in the growing seasons 1991–2013. The dominant interval humidity in observing growing seasons is semiuvidic interval with soil moisture between hydro-limits maximal capillary capacity (MCC) and point of diminished availability (PDA). Gravitationally seepage concentrated from accumulated winter season, water from melting snow and existing atmospheric precipitation occurs in the soil only at the beginning of the growing season. The supplies of soil water are significantly decreasing in the warm climate and precipitant deficient days. The greatest danger from drought threatens Norway spruce during the summer months and it depends on the duration of dry days, water supply at the beginning of the dry days, air temperature and the intensity of evapotranspiration. In the surface layers of the soil, with the maximum occurrence of active roots, the water in semiarid interval area between hydro-limits PDA and wilting point (WP) decreases during the summer months. In the culminating phase occurs the drying to moisture state with capillary stationary and the insufficient supply of available water for the plants. Physiological weakening of Norway spruce caused by set of outlay components of the water balance is partially reduced by delivering of water by capillary action from deeper horizons. In extremely dry periods, soil moisture is decreasing also throughout the soil profile (0–100 cm) into the bottom third of the variation margin hydro-limits MCC–PDA in the category of capillary less moving and for plants of low supply of usable water (60–90 mm). The issue of deteriorated health state of spruce ecosystems is considered to be actual. Changes and developments of hydropedological conditions which interfere the mountain forests represent the increasing danger of the drought for the spruce.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this paper is to analyse the water regime of soils under spruce ecosystems in relation to long-lasting humid and drought periods in the growing seasons 1991–2013. The dominant interval humidity in observing growing seasons is semiuvidic interval with soil moisture between hydro-limits maximal capillary capacity (MCC) and point of diminished availability (PDA). Gravitationally seepage concentrated from accumulated winter season, water from melting snow and existing atmospheric precipitation occurs in the soil only at the beginning of the growing season. The supplies of soil water are significantly decreasing in the warm climate and precipitant deficient days. The greatest danger from drought threatens Norway spruce during the summer months and it depends on the duration of dry days, water supply at the beginning of the dry days, air temperature and the intensity of evapotranspiration. In the surface layers of the soil, with the maximum occurrence of active roots, the water in semiarid interval area between hydro-limits PDA and wilting point (WP) decreases during the summer months. In the culminating phase occurs the drying to moisture state with capillary stationary and the insufficient supply of available water for the plants. Physiological weakening of Norway spruce caused by set of outlay components of the water balance is partially reduced by delivering of water by capillary action from deeper horizons. In extremely dry periods, soil moisture is decreasing also throughout the soil profile (0–100 cm) into the bottom third of the variation margin hydro-limits MCC–PDA in the category of capillary less moving and for plants of low supply of usable water (60–90 mm). The issue of deteriorated health state of spruce ecosystems is considered to be actual. Changes and developments of hydropedological conditions which interfere the mountain forests represent the increasing danger of the drought for the spruce. |
Ivanová, H Morphological features of Camarosporium pini – the fungus associated to health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 44 (1), pp. 54-57, 2017, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ivanová2017b, title = {Morphological features of \textit{Camarosporium pini} – the fungus associated to health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine}, author = {H. Ivanová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/foecol-2017-0007.pdf}, doi = {10.1515/foecol-2017-0007}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, pages = {54-57}, abstract = {The subject of this study is escalated occurrence of the pathogenic fungus Camarosporium pini in the needle tissue of symptomatic trees P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi growing in urbanized settings and parks. C. pini induces severe infections and initiates a blight and premature loss of second-year foliage in pine trees. The fungus was identified microscopically and on base of morphological keys. The affected needles displayed a distinct bluish-grey necrotic band in the centre. On the surface of infected needles, there were formed pycnidia producing brown, oval conidia with three transversal and one or two vertical walls. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture, and distinctive morphological features of C. pini associated to the health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine are described and compared. Cumulative effects of these stressful biotic and various abiotic factors may explain the current situation concerning the decline in the P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi in Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The subject of this study is escalated occurrence of the pathogenic fungus Camarosporium pini in the needle tissue of symptomatic trees P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi growing in urbanized settings and parks. C. pini induces severe infections and initiates a blight and premature loss of second-year foliage in pine trees. The fungus was identified microscopically and on base of morphological keys. The affected needles displayed a distinct bluish-grey necrotic band in the centre. On the surface of infected needles, there were formed pycnidia producing brown, oval conidia with three transversal and one or two vertical walls. Disease symptoms, some important characteristics in pure culture, and distinctive morphological features of C. pini associated to the health state degradation in Austrian and Ponderosa pine are described and compared. Cumulative effects of these stressful biotic and various abiotic factors may explain the current situation concerning the decline in the P. nigra and P. ponderosa var. jeffreyi in Slovakia. |
➤ Volume 43(2) 2016
Jančovičová, S; Blanár, D; Glejdura, S; Kunca, V Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus (Agaricales, Mycenaceae) from Slovakia: morphological and ecological aspects Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 164-175, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Jančovičová2016, title = {\textit{Panellus ringens} and \textit{P. violaceofulvus} (Agaricales, Mycenaceae) from Slovakia: morphological and ecological aspects}, author = {S. Jančovičová and D. Blanár and S. Glejdura and V. Kunca}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_164_175-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {164-175}, abstract = {Species Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus are similar in some respects and different in others. They look alike macroscopically, especially in having pleurotoid habit and violet-brown and/or red-brown colours of basidiomata, but differ microscopically, distinctly in size of spores. For each species, description and illustration of macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided based on the Slovak collections. Some misidentifications are mentioned and crucial morphological characters stressed. Compared and commented are also the characters used for differentiation of both species in the selected literature. The added distributional and ecological data concern the area of Slovakia and Europe. Panellus ringens is proposed to be included in a new version of the Red list of fungi of Slovakia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species Panellus ringens and P. violaceofulvus are similar in some respects and different in others. They look alike macroscopically, especially in having pleurotoid habit and violet-brown and/or red-brown colours of basidiomata, but differ microscopically, distinctly in size of spores. For each species, description and illustration of macroscopic and microscopic characters are provided based on the Slovak collections. Some misidentifications are mentioned and crucial morphological characters stressed. Compared and commented are also the characters used for differentiation of both species in the selected literature. The added distributional and ecological data concern the area of Slovakia and Europe. Panellus ringens is proposed to be included in a new version of the Red list of fungi of Slovakia. |
Gajdoš, P; Majzlan, O; Igondová, E Assemblages of ground living spiders (Araneae) in peatland habitats, surrounding dry pine forest and meadows Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 147-155, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gajdoš2016, title = {Assemblages of ground living spiders (Araneae) in peatland habitats, surrounding dry pine forest and meadows}, author = {P. Gajdoš and O. Majzlan and E. Igondová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_147to155-1.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {147-155}, abstract = {This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground living spider of a peatland and their surrounding habitats (margin of dry pine forest and meadows) in the Šuja peat bog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The aim of study was to classify assemblages of ground living spider into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Spiders were sampled between April and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps. 1,974 individuals belonging to 100 species and to 21 families were captured in total. Diversity, equitability, species composition, preference for humidity, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association were used to characterize ground living spider communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the spiders at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. Based on their ecological characteristics, spiders formed five groups of species associated with semi dry to mesophilous open meadow habitats, semi dry woodland habitats, mesophilous unshaded habitats, mesophilous partly shaded habitats without herbal vegetation cover and hygrophilous habitats.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground living spider of a peatland and their surrounding habitats (margin of dry pine forest and meadows) in the Šuja peat bog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The aim of study was to classify assemblages of ground living spider into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Spiders were sampled between April and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps. 1,974 individuals belonging to 100 species and to 21 families were captured in total. Diversity, equitability, species composition, preference for humidity, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association were used to characterize ground living spider communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the spiders at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. Based on their ecological characteristics, spiders formed five groups of species associated with semi dry to mesophilous open meadow habitats, semi dry woodland habitats, mesophilous unshaded habitats, mesophilous partly shaded habitats without herbal vegetation cover and hygrophilous habitats. |
Náplavová, K; Gáper, J Bioindication value of tar spot on maple trees in industrial areas: the case of Ostrava region, the Czech Republic Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 183-192, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Náplavová2016, title = {Bioindication value of tar spot on maple trees in industrial areas: the case of Ostrava region, the Czech Republic}, author = {K. Náplavová and J. Gáper}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_183to192.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {183-192}, abstract = {Rhytisma acerinum is considered to be a bioindicator of air quality and therefore the occurrence of tar spot corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for estimation of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the bioindication value of individual maple taxa. The research was established on fieldwork in the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic) and on the investigation of 1,247 trees. Four main habitat types were selected according to assumed (high or low) levels of air pollution and type of vegetation and land use. Different occurrence of symptoms of fungal pathogen in different categories of vegetation was found. Our analysis provides evidence that trees with lower diameter at breast height (DBH) suffered from higher infestation of tar spot. Airborne dust (PM10) was identified as the air pollutant with the significant negative effect on stroma occurrence. Our results also reveal that infestation of maple leaves was significantly affected by cultivar. Therefore the most susceptible taxa to tar spot (Acer pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Atropurpureum’, A. platanoides ‘Cleveland’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’) can be the best candidates for monitoring air pollution.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Rhytisma acerinum is considered to be a bioindicator of air quality and therefore the occurrence of tar spot corresponding with the level of site pollution can be used as a tool for estimation of environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the bioindication value of individual maple taxa. The research was established on fieldwork in the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic) and on the investigation of 1,247 trees. Four main habitat types were selected according to assumed (high or low) levels of air pollution and type of vegetation and land use. Different occurrence of symptoms of fungal pathogen in different categories of vegetation was found. Our analysis provides evidence that trees with lower diameter at breast height (DBH) suffered from higher infestation of tar spot. Airborne dust (PM10) was identified as the air pollutant with the significant negative effect on stroma occurrence. Our results also reveal that infestation of maple leaves was significantly affected by cultivar. Therefore the most susceptible taxa to tar spot (Acer pseudoplatanus, A. pseudoplatanus ‘Atropurpureum’, A. platanoides ‘Cleveland’, A. platanoides ‘Globosum’) can be the best candidates for monitoring air pollution. |
Boyko, O O; Duda, Y V; Pakhomov, O Y; Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 129-137, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Boyko2016, title = {Comparative analysis of different methods of staining the larvae \textit{Haemonchus contortus}, \textit{Mullerius} sp. (Nematoda, Strongylida) and \textit{Strongyloides papillosus} (Nematoda, Rhabditida)}, author = {O.O. Boyko and Y.V. Duda and O.Y. Pakhomov and V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_129to137.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {129-137}, abstract = {We conducted an analysis of 14 methods of staining nematode larvae of the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Mullerius sp. It was established that alizarin red, brilliant blue, gentian violet and bromophenol blue did not colour the nematode larvae acceptably without heating. The most contrasting staining of the cuticle of H. contortus, S. papillosus and Mullerius sp. was achieved using brilliant blue, methylene blue, Ziehl’s solution (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature). The staining of the nuclei of the intestinal cells of H. contortus was the best by using Lugol’s solution, while to the best reveal the morphological peculiarities of the gullet of S. papillosus and H. contortus, stains brilliant blue, methylene blue, brilliant green (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature) have been observed. Differentiation of the nematodes of the gullet H. contortus and S. papillosus is possible through determination of the presence of the cuticle using brilliant green (with heating of preparations). The methods of differential diagnostics presented here allow near-patient testing of the larvae of the above-mentioned nematode species to be conducted without paralyzing them by formalin or spirit, which saves time in their identification.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We conducted an analysis of 14 methods of staining nematode larvae of the species Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803), Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) and Mullerius sp. It was established that alizarin red, brilliant blue, gentian violet and bromophenol blue did not colour the nematode larvae acceptably without heating. The most contrasting staining of the cuticle of H. contortus, S. papillosus and Mullerius sp. was achieved using brilliant blue, methylene blue, Ziehl’s solution (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature). The staining of the nuclei of the intestinal cells of H. contortus was the best by using Lugol’s solution, while to the best reveal the morphological peculiarities of the gullet of S. papillosus and H. contortus, stains brilliant blue, methylene blue, brilliant green (with heating of preparations) and Lugol’s solution (without change in temperature) have been observed. Differentiation of the nematodes of the gullet H. contortus and S. papillosus is possible through determination of the presence of the cuticle using brilliant green (with heating of preparations). The methods of differential diagnostics presented here allow near-patient testing of the larvae of the above-mentioned nematode species to be conducted without paralyzing them by formalin or spirit, which saves time in their identification. |
Falťan, V; Pírová, L; Petrovič, F Detailed mapping of geocomplexes in the vineyard landscape Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 138-146, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Falťan2016, title = {Detailed mapping of geocomplexes in the vineyard landscape}, author = {V. Falťan and L. Pírová and F. Petrovič}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_138to146.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {138-146}, abstract = {Viticultural landscape is a valuable part of the cultural landscape – it was created by the long-term impact of human activities on the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the development of vineyards. A geoecological research within an example study of vineyard landscape was realised in choric and topical geographical dimension in the Doľany vicinity. Georelief was selected as a leading factor of regionalisation at the level of geochores. Information about soil-forming substrates and land cover on a topical dimension was specified within a detailed research of the terrain. Overall, five basic types of geochores and 58 types of geoecological complexes were earmarked. The most frequent occurrence of vineyards was on the alluvial cones and slopes of the Malé Karpaty Mts. As a part of the detailed research of the soil, we further characterized location conditions of different grape varieties in the Fosandle and Grefty localities.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Viticultural landscape is a valuable part of the cultural landscape – it was created by the long-term impact of human activities on the areas with suitable environmental conditions for the development of vineyards. A geoecological research within an example study of vineyard landscape was realised in choric and topical geographical dimension in the Doľany vicinity. Georelief was selected as a leading factor of regionalisation at the level of geochores. Information about soil-forming substrates and land cover on a topical dimension was specified within a detailed research of the terrain. Overall, five basic types of geochores and 58 types of geoecological complexes were earmarked. The most frequent occurrence of vineyards was on the alluvial cones and slopes of the Malé Karpaty Mts. As a part of the detailed research of the soil, we further characterized location conditions of different grape varieties in the Fosandle and Grefty localities. |
Supuka, J; Uhrin, P Share of scattered woody vegetation in landscape ecological stability and agriculture sustainability Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 193-203, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Supuka2016, title = {Share of scattered woody vegetation in landscape ecological stability and agriculture sustainability}, author = {J. Supuka and P. Uhrin}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_193to203.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {193-203}, abstract = {Scattered woody vegetation in the agricultural landscape includes more or less fragments of original biotopes and cultivated cultural vegetation as are groves, windbreaks, and infiltration forest belts on slopes, tree alleys, as well as orchards and vineyards. The contribution describes their effectiveness in agriculture sustainability through defined categories of functions and services. At the studied territory, the development of landscape structure was assessed in three time periods of 1869, 1949 and 2010s with regard to the share of scattered vegetation and woody species composition. In 2010, 23 vegetation formations were surveyed, from these 20 are in linear formations and the others in areal formations. Regarding species composition, 47 woody plant species were identified, from these 28 native, 12 alien and 7 fruit trees. The share of scattered vegetation has been proposed to be increased from 5% to 6%. The studied scattered vegetation should be considered as an important contribution to biodiversity conservation, climate, water and soil quality amelioration, pest and disease control and finally crop yield increasing.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Scattered woody vegetation in the agricultural landscape includes more or less fragments of original biotopes and cultivated cultural vegetation as are groves, windbreaks, and infiltration forest belts on slopes, tree alleys, as well as orchards and vineyards. The contribution describes their effectiveness in agriculture sustainability through defined categories of functions and services. At the studied territory, the development of landscape structure was assessed in three time periods of 1869, 1949 and 2010s with regard to the share of scattered vegetation and woody species composition. In 2010, 23 vegetation formations were surveyed, from these 20 are in linear formations and the others in areal formations. Regarding species composition, 47 woody plant species were identified, from these 28 native, 12 alien and 7 fruit trees. The share of scattered vegetation has been proposed to be increased from 5% to 6%. The studied scattered vegetation should be considered as an important contribution to biodiversity conservation, climate, water and soil quality amelioration, pest and disease control and finally crop yield increasing. |
Baláž, I; Jakab, I; Tulis, F; Ambros, M Spatial density of two sympatric species Yellow-necked Mouse Apodemus flavicollis and Bank Vole Clethrionomys glareolus in different environment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 121-128, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Baláž2016, title = {Spatial density of two sympatric species Yellow-necked \textit{Mouse Apodemus} flavicollis and Bank Vole \textit{Clethrionomys glareolus} in different environment}, author = {I. Baláž and I. Jakab and F. Tulis and M. Ambros}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_121to128.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {121-128}, abstract = {The impact of two different environments (climax forest and glade) on spatial density of Yellow-Necked Mouse and Bank Vole was studied during the years 2011–2013. Species range (95% Kernel) of both species was calculated based on data obtained from live traps placed in trap grids. Eight levels of density probability that surround regions of constant probability density were used to define (i) activity centres of observed species and (ii) areas that tended to be of rather peripheral interest. Results suggest that glade with rich herbal-ground cover represented significantly more suitable habitat, as well as habitat richer in resources for Bank Vole in comparison to climax forest. In contrary, Yellow-necked Mouse had provably the highest spatial density in climax forest habitat where was lack of herbal-grounded cover typical for the glade. In particular, we suggest that different diet specialization may be one of elements in explaining the different spatial density.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The impact of two different environments (climax forest and glade) on spatial density of Yellow-Necked Mouse and Bank Vole was studied during the years 2011–2013. Species range (95% Kernel) of both species was calculated based on data obtained from live traps placed in trap grids. Eight levels of density probability that surround regions of constant probability density were used to define (i) activity centres of observed species and (ii) areas that tended to be of rather peripheral interest. Results suggest that glade with rich herbal-ground cover represented significantly more suitable habitat, as well as habitat richer in resources for Bank Vole in comparison to climax forest. In contrary, Yellow-necked Mouse had provably the highest spatial density in climax forest habitat where was lack of herbal-grounded cover typical for the glade. In particular, we suggest that different diet specialization may be one of elements in explaining the different spatial density. |
Macko, J; Machava, J; Bublinec, E; Hrkľová, G Soil reaction and tick abundance Ixodes ricinus Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 176-182, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Macko2016, title = {Soil reaction and tick abundance \textit{Ixodes ricinus}}, author = {J. Macko and J. Machava and E. Bublinec and G. Hrkľová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_176to182.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {176-182}, abstract = {Tick Ixodes ricinus is a carrier of several diseases. At present, its activity in Slovakia was discovered in the winter months. It also extends to higher altitudes. Therefore it is necessary to know the ecology and optimal conditions suitable for its existence. Although considerable attention is devoted to the health research of tick, little is known about its claim on the soil environment, because as a representative of a temporary edaphone initial ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) survives in the soil. For this reason, the research focused on the soil pH as an important environmental factor that can influence the development and abundance of tick. The research was carried out on the plots with tick high abundance in the Veľká Fatra Mts at an altitude of - 760 meters asl. We found that mull humus form with a thin film of last year’s litter fall (the Oon necrotic subhorizon) with a pH narrow range of 5.9–6.0 (rounded) was convenient for developmental stages of this tick. Below this horizon the soil type of cambisol with pH values in the upper range of 5.45–5.79 was produced. The soil reaction was therefore a slight acid. In this environment, a relatively high density of tick was in May, with the secondary mild autumn peak.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Tick Ixodes ricinus is a carrier of several diseases. At present, its activity in Slovakia was discovered in the winter months. It also extends to higher altitudes. Therefore it is necessary to know the ecology and optimal conditions suitable for its existence. Although considerable attention is devoted to the health research of tick, little is known about its claim on the soil environment, because as a representative of a temporary edaphone initial ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) survives in the soil. For this reason, the research focused on the soil pH as an important environmental factor that can influence the development and abundance of tick. The research was carried out on the plots with tick high abundance in the Veľká Fatra Mts at an altitude of - 760 meters asl. We found that mull humus form with a thin film of last year’s litter fall (the Oon necrotic subhorizon) with a pH narrow range of 5.9–6.0 (rounded) was convenient for developmental stages of this tick. Below this horizon the soil type of cambisol with pH values in the upper range of 5.45–5.79 was produced. The soil reaction was therefore a slight acid. In this environment, a relatively high density of tick was in May, with the secondary mild autumn peak. |
Kinga-Buza, A; Divos, F Spruce tree fighting back – study of honey fungus infection Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 204-207, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Kinga-Buza2016, title = {Spruce tree fighting back – study of honey fungus infection}, author = {A. Kinga-Buza and F. Divos}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_204to207.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {204-207}, abstract = {Fungi infection is a common disease, problem for trees. Becoming fearful of the presence of fungi is obvious, although the effects of the infection are variable widely. Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is considered to be dangerous species weakening the trees. A honey fungus attacked spruce could be measured repeatedly for three years with acoustic tomography while pulling tests were performed as well. The research goes on, although the results interestingly show us the tree “fighting back”. The safety and stability of the examined spruce is very good, the conditions of the root system are – surprisingly – getting better.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Fungi infection is a common disease, problem for trees. Becoming fearful of the presence of fungi is obvious, although the effects of the infection are variable widely. Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is considered to be dangerous species weakening the trees. A honey fungus attacked spruce could be measured repeatedly for three years with acoustic tomography while pulling tests were performed as well. The research goes on, although the results interestingly show us the tree “fighting back”. The safety and stability of the examined spruce is very good, the conditions of the root system are – surprisingly – getting better. |
Machava, J; Timko, Ľ; Šustek, Z; Bublinec, E State of Carabid assemblages in forest ecosystem previously affected by high levels of heavy metals Cu and Pb Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 208-212, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Machava2016, title = {State of Carabid assemblages in forest ecosystem previously affected by high levels of heavy metals Cu and Pb}, author = {J. Machava and Ľ. Timko and Z. Šustek and E. Bublinec}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_208to212.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {208-212}, abstract = {Human activities in industrial areas have released into the atmosphere solids of different nature, including heavy metals. The center of the Spiš region belongs to the foremost polluted areas in Slovakia. The Copper Smelting Plant Krompachy contaminated surrounding areas around this town by metals mainly by copper and lead. Despite significant improvement of environmental situation in the 1990s, resistant pollutant load from the mentioned pollution source continues to negatively impact on the surrounding countryside. The residual pollutant load has persisted for more than 20 years. Species diversity and cumulative abundance of Carabids in all stands in the contaminated environment was extremely low due to synergic effect of three factors, acidity of substrate, southern exposition and discontinuity of the vegetation coverage that resulted in forming of two assemblages. The open stands were inhabited by heliophilous species of genera Cicindela, Harpalus and Microlestes. The characteristic forest species did not occur there or penetrated here only rarely. In the closed stand, only three mesohygrohilous forest species Carabus violaceus, Carabus hortensis and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus were recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Human activities in industrial areas have released into the atmosphere solids of different nature, including heavy metals. The center of the Spiš region belongs to the foremost polluted areas in Slovakia. The Copper Smelting Plant Krompachy contaminated surrounding areas around this town by metals mainly by copper and lead. Despite significant improvement of environmental situation in the 1990s, resistant pollutant load from the mentioned pollution source continues to negatively impact on the surrounding countryside. The residual pollutant load has persisted for more than 20 years. Species diversity and cumulative abundance of Carabids in all stands in the contaminated environment was extremely low due to synergic effect of three factors, acidity of substrate, southern exposition and discontinuity of the vegetation coverage that resulted in forming of two assemblages. The open stands were inhabited by heliophilous species of genera Cicindela, Harpalus and Microlestes. The characteristic forest species did not occur there or penetrated here only rarely. In the closed stand, only three mesohygrohilous forest species Carabus violaceus, Carabus hortensis and Pterostichus oblongopunctatus were recorded. |
Gömöryová, E; Tóthová, S; Pichler, V; Homolák, M; Kriššák, V; Gömöry, D Wood ash effect on chemical and microbiological properties of topsoil in a Norway spruce stand one year after the treatment Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (2), pp. 156-163, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Gömöryová2016, title = {Wood ash effect on chemical and microbiological properties of topsoil in a Norway spruce stand one year after the treatment}, author = {E. Gömöryová and S. Tóthová and V. Pichler and M. Homolák and V. Kriššák and D. Gömöry}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss2_156to163.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {2}, pages = {156-163}, abstract = {Changes of soil chemical and microbial characteristics in the forest floor and in the A-horizon caused by the application of wood ash (WA) on the soil surface were studied one year after the WA application. Soil sampling was performed at three plots in a 40-year-old Norway spruce stand in Central Slovakia – at the control plot (CP) and at the plots with WA application in the spring (P1) and the autumn (P2) 2010. Soil samples were taken from the litter (L), fermentation (F), humic (H) forest floor horizons and from the A-horizon (the depth of 0−10 cm). In soil samples chemical attributes (pH, C and N concentration, extractable C and base cations concentration) as well as microbial characteristics (microbial biomass C, basal respiration, catalase activity, richness and diversity of soil microbial functional groups) were analysed. WA application was reflected in the changes of chemical properties (soil reaction, C, N and Ca2+ concentration) only in the forest floor horizons but not in the A-horizon one year after the treatment. No significant differences between plots were found in microbial characteristics throughout the topsoil horizons. The most distinct differences in decreased C and N content compared to control plot were observed in the H-horizon. Soil acidity differed especially in the F-horizon, where the increase of pH-H2O from 4.76 to 6.85 at P1 was recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Changes of soil chemical and microbial characteristics in the forest floor and in the A-horizon caused by the application of wood ash (WA) on the soil surface were studied one year after the WA application. Soil sampling was performed at three plots in a 40-year-old Norway spruce stand in Central Slovakia – at the control plot (CP) and at the plots with WA application in the spring (P1) and the autumn (P2) 2010. Soil samples were taken from the litter (L), fermentation (F), humic (H) forest floor horizons and from the A-horizon (the depth of 0−10 cm). In soil samples chemical attributes (pH, C and N concentration, extractable C and base cations concentration) as well as microbial characteristics (microbial biomass C, basal respiration, catalase activity, richness and diversity of soil microbial functional groups) were analysed. WA application was reflected in the changes of chemical properties (soil reaction, C, N and Ca2+ concentration) only in the forest floor horizons but not in the A-horizon one year after the treatment. No significant differences between plots were found in microbial characteristics throughout the topsoil horizons. The most distinct differences in decreased C and N content compared to control plot were observed in the H-horizon. Soil acidity differed especially in the F-horizon, where the increase of pH-H2O from 4.76 to 6.85 at P1 was recorded. |
➤ Volume 43(1) 2016 - Special Issue: A Tribute to FJT
Dorková, M; Kocianová-Adamcová, M; Pristaš, P; Klinga, P Phylogenetic status of endemic Chionomys nivalis mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 3-11, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Dorková2016b, title = {Phylogenetic status of endemic \textit{Chionomys nivalis mirhanreini} in the Western Carpathians}, author = {M. Dorková and M. Kocianová-Adamcová and P. Pristaš and P. Klinga}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iis1_3to11.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {3-11}, abstract = {The Snow vole has a fragmented distribution restricted to the mountain and rocky regions from the southwestern Europe to the Caucasus and the Middle East. Several subspecies have been described on the basis of dental characters. In this study we provide more detail insight into phylogenetic status of the Snow vole Chionomys nivalis occurring in the Western Carpathians compared to its populations within Eurasia. We analysed 588 bp fragment of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in samples collected in the two isolated populations within the High Tatras and Low Tatras Mountains. Our results indicate Western Carpathians as the long term isolated refugia for C. nivalis and support the subspecies status of C. n. mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians. The European populations are formed by two southern phylogenetic lineages – the first originates in Iberian Peninsula and the other expanding from Balkans to the Eastern Carpathians is also visible.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Snow vole has a fragmented distribution restricted to the mountain and rocky regions from the southwestern Europe to the Caucasus and the Middle East. Several subspecies have been described on the basis of dental characters. In this study we provide more detail insight into phylogenetic status of the Snow vole Chionomys nivalis occurring in the Western Carpathians compared to its populations within Eurasia. We analysed 588 bp fragment of mtDNA cytochrome b gene in samples collected in the two isolated populations within the High Tatras and Low Tatras Mountains. Our results indicate Western Carpathians as the long term isolated refugia for C. nivalis and support the subspecies status of C. n. mirhanreini in the Western Carpathians. The European populations are formed by two southern phylogenetic lineages – the first originates in Iberian Peninsula and the other expanding from Balkans to the Eastern Carpathians is also visible. |
Hlôška, L; Chovancová, B; Chovancová, G; Fleischer, P Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 12-20, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hlôška2016, title = {Influence of climatic factors on the population dynamics of small mammals (Rodentia, Soricomorpha) on the sites affected by windthrow in the High Tatra Mts}, author = {L. Hlôška and B. Chovancová and G. Chovancová and P. Fleischer}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_12to20.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {12-20}, abstract = {Climatic factors and related changes of the temperature, humidity and sunshine demonstrably affect the population dynamics of small mammals. This complex influence gets more intense in the case of natural and anthropic disturbances which occurred in the forest ecosystems of the High Tatra Mts in 2014 (wind calamity) and in 2015 (forest fire). During the period of research in 2005–2015, we were observing successive changes in the species composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of small mammals on the seven permanent research areas by using the CMR method. Besides the changes of selected habitat variables, we were also continually measuring values of meteorological elements (such as air and soil temperature, relative air and soil humidity, thickness and duration of snow cover). Statistical testing of the thickness and duration of snow cover proved significant influence of these factors on the population dynamics of small rodents (Rodentia) and shrews (Soricomorpha). Winters with a thicker snow cover and longer snow periods had a positive effect on the reproduction and surviving of both taxonomic groups in the subsequent vegetation season. We have discovered the positive correlation between the temperature and the quantity dynamics of dominant small rodents while shrews responded to higher temperatures with less spatio-temporal activity. Gradient analysis of the complex influence of measured meteorological elements proved species-specific differences in the responses of small mammals to the current and conditions of weather indicated by ecological requirements of plant species within a specific habitat.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Climatic factors and related changes of the temperature, humidity and sunshine demonstrably affect the population dynamics of small mammals. This complex influence gets more intense in the case of natural and anthropic disturbances which occurred in the forest ecosystems of the High Tatra Mts in 2014 (wind calamity) and in 2015 (forest fire). During the period of research in 2005–2015, we were observing successive changes in the species composition, abundance and spatio-temporal distribution of small mammals on the seven permanent research areas by using the CMR method. Besides the changes of selected habitat variables, we were also continually measuring values of meteorological elements (such as air and soil temperature, relative air and soil humidity, thickness and duration of snow cover). Statistical testing of the thickness and duration of snow cover proved significant influence of these factors on the population dynamics of small rodents (Rodentia) and shrews (Soricomorpha). Winters with a thicker snow cover and longer snow periods had a positive effect on the reproduction and surviving of both taxonomic groups in the subsequent vegetation season. We have discovered the positive correlation between the temperature and the quantity dynamics of dominant small rodents while shrews responded to higher temperatures with less spatio-temporal activity. Gradient analysis of the complex influence of measured meteorological elements proved species-specific differences in the responses of small mammals to the current and conditions of weather indicated by ecological requirements of plant species within a specific habitat. |
Korňan, M; Korňan, J Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 21-32, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Korňan2016, title = {Null model analysis of spatial species associations in spruce, tree line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages in the High Tatras, the Western Carpathians}, author = {M. Korňan and J. Korňan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_21to32.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {21-32}, abstract = {Jared Diamond proposed several assembly rules based on the assumption of competitive interactions among species. The first Diamond’s rule proposes that communities are formed of certain permissible combinations of species that can co-exist. The fifth assembly rule states that some pairs of species never co-occur, forming so called “checkerboard” or complementary distributions. The objective of this study was to test these propositions on spruce, tree-line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages censused by the fixed radius point count method in the High Tatras, Slovakia. The null model simulations yielded no clear assembly patterns. The binary null models had tendency toward random associations, while quantitative null models suggested segregations. Presence/ absence null models showed tendency toward random associations in post-breeding and breeding spruce bird assemblages, while quantitative null models yielded half random and half segregations in post-breeding season and all types of associations were detected during the breeding with slight prevalence of segregation. All binary tests indicated random associations in the post-breeding bird assemblages in the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities, whereas quantitative models showed prevalence of segregation. Binary models indicated slight prevalence of random associations in the breeding bird assemblages of the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities from territorial records and prevalence of segregation from all records. Quantitative models did not show consistent results in these habitat types detecting prevalence of segregations. In summary, the first Diamond’s rule was not supported due to random patterns of unique species combinations and the fifth rule was supported partly by quantitative null model analyses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Jared Diamond proposed several assembly rules based on the assumption of competitive interactions among species. The first Diamond’s rule proposes that communities are formed of certain permissible combinations of species that can co-exist. The fifth assembly rule states that some pairs of species never co-occur, forming so called “checkerboard” or complementary distributions. The objective of this study was to test these propositions on spruce, tree-line and dwarf-pine bird assemblages censused by the fixed radius point count method in the High Tatras, Slovakia. The null model simulations yielded no clear assembly patterns. The binary null models had tendency toward random associations, while quantitative null models suggested segregations. Presence/ absence null models showed tendency toward random associations in post-breeding and breeding spruce bird assemblages, while quantitative null models yielded half random and half segregations in post-breeding season and all types of associations were detected during the breeding with slight prevalence of segregation. All binary tests indicated random associations in the post-breeding bird assemblages in the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities, whereas quantitative models showed prevalence of segregation. Binary models indicated slight prevalence of random associations in the breeding bird assemblages of the upper tree line and dwarf pine communities from territorial records and prevalence of segregation from all records. Quantitative models did not show consistent results in these habitat types detecting prevalence of segregations. In summary, the first Diamond’s rule was not supported due to random patterns of unique species combinations and the fifth rule was supported partly by quantitative null model analyses. |
Lešo, P Breeding bird assemblage of a fir-oak natural forest in Ponická dúbrava – the oldest Slovak nature reserve Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 33-41, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Lešo2016b, title = {Breeding bird assemblage of a fir-oak natural forest in Ponická dúbrava – the oldest Slovak nature reserve}, author = {P. Lešo}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_33to41.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {33-41}, abstract = {The bird assemblage of the Ponická dúbrava National Nature Reserve (13.3 ha), preserving a mixed nature forest composed mainly of fir, oak, spruce and beech was studied using a modified mapping method during the breeding period in 2015. The site is rather unique, containing elements of both lowland and mountain forests. The aims of the study were to determine the structure of the bird assemblage, compare it with other bird assemblages from oak-beech and mixed natural forests, and define the most important habitat indicator species. Altogether, 37 breeding bird species were recorded and the estimated rarefaction species number per 10 ha was 30.9. Total bird density reached 63.0 pairs/10 ha. Five species were found to be dominant (>5% of the total density): Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Periparus ater, Regulus regulus and Ficedula albicollis, representing 42.6% of the total density. Comparing with other eight bird assemblages from natural forests using a cluster analysis, the assemblage from the Ponická dúbrava clearly fits into those from mixed beech-fir-spruce forests. Factor analysis revealed six species separating the assemblage from oak-beech stands: Regulus regulus, Poecile montanus, Periparus ater, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Prunella modularis and Turdus viscivorus. Based on our data, the reserve represents a valuable rare natural habitat of very high bird species diversity.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The bird assemblage of the Ponická dúbrava National Nature Reserve (13.3 ha), preserving a mixed nature forest composed mainly of fir, oak, spruce and beech was studied using a modified mapping method during the breeding period in 2015. The site is rather unique, containing elements of both lowland and mountain forests. The aims of the study were to determine the structure of the bird assemblage, compare it with other bird assemblages from oak-beech and mixed natural forests, and define the most important habitat indicator species. Altogether, 37 breeding bird species were recorded and the estimated rarefaction species number per 10 ha was 30.9. Total bird density reached 63.0 pairs/10 ha. Five species were found to be dominant (>5% of the total density): Fringilla coelebs, Erithacus rubecula, Periparus ater, Regulus regulus and Ficedula albicollis, representing 42.6% of the total density. Comparing with other eight bird assemblages from natural forests using a cluster analysis, the assemblage from the Ponická dúbrava clearly fits into those from mixed beech-fir-spruce forests. Factor analysis revealed six species separating the assemblage from oak-beech stands: Regulus regulus, Poecile montanus, Periparus ater, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Prunella modularis and Turdus viscivorus. Based on our data, the reserve represents a valuable rare natural habitat of very high bird species diversity. |
Puchala, P Bird community structure and population trends in the Little Carpathians Mts vineyard area Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 42-49, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Puchala2016, title = {Bird community structure and population trends in the Little Carpathians Mts vineyard area}, author = {P. Puchala}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_42to49.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {42-49}, abstract = {The birds of the vineyards on the eastern slopes of the Little Carpathians Mountains (south-western Slovakia) were studied during breeding seasons between the years 2010 and 2015. A point census method was used to count birds once or twice in May on two study sites (a transect in the vicinity of Modra town and a transect between Bratislava-Rača and Svätý Jur). The whole study area was designated as an Important Bird Area and established as a Special Protected Area according to the Bird Directive. Individual counting points were situated in different habitats including suburban areas, green lines with scrubs, the edges of small forest patches, forest edges, small gardens, cultivated vineyards, etc. 62 and 53 bird species were found in the first and the second transect, respectively (64 birds in total). The total number of all individuals was 2,383 at the Modra site and 972 at the Rača-Svätý Jur site. The most abundant species on both transects was Sturnus vulgaris (21 and 36%, respectively). Another abundant species at the Modra site (dominance between 5 and 7%) were Turdus merula, Passer montanus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum, while at the Rača-Svätý Jur site Fringilla coelebs and Apus apus were abundant. Several species with higher conservation importance were found: Upupa epops, Lullula arborea, Pernis apivorus, Jynx torquila, Lanius collurio and Sylvia nisoria. A decline of some species like Chloris chloris, Delichon urbicum, Emberiza citrinella, Fringilla coelebs, Saxicola torquata, Sylvia atricapilla and Upupa epops was recorded since the beginning of the study. Continuous and long-term monitoring may bring important data about the population status of birds in human-affected landscape.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The birds of the vineyards on the eastern slopes of the Little Carpathians Mountains (south-western Slovakia) were studied during breeding seasons between the years 2010 and 2015. A point census method was used to count birds once or twice in May on two study sites (a transect in the vicinity of Modra town and a transect between Bratislava-Rača and Svätý Jur). The whole study area was designated as an Important Bird Area and established as a Special Protected Area according to the Bird Directive. Individual counting points were situated in different habitats including suburban areas, green lines with scrubs, the edges of small forest patches, forest edges, small gardens, cultivated vineyards, etc. 62 and 53 bird species were found in the first and the second transect, respectively (64 birds in total). The total number of all individuals was 2,383 at the Modra site and 972 at the Rača-Svätý Jur site. The most abundant species on both transects was Sturnus vulgaris (21 and 36%, respectively). Another abundant species at the Modra site (dominance between 5 and 7%) were Turdus merula, Passer montanus, Passer domesticus and Delichon urbicum, while at the Rača-Svätý Jur site Fringilla coelebs and Apus apus were abundant. Several species with higher conservation importance were found: Upupa epops, Lullula arborea, Pernis apivorus, Jynx torquila, Lanius collurio and Sylvia nisoria. A decline of some species like Chloris chloris, Delichon urbicum, Emberiza citrinella, Fringilla coelebs, Saxicola torquata, Sylvia atricapilla and Upupa epops was recorded since the beginning of the study. Continuous and long-term monitoring may bring important data about the population status of birds in human-affected landscape. |
Ružičková, J; Lehotská, B; Kalivodová, E Assessment of ornithochory in the north-western part of the Podunajská nížina Lowland (SW Slovakia) Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 50-63, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ružičková2016, title = {Assessment of ornithochory in the north-western part of the Podunajská nížina Lowland (SW Slovakia)}, author = {J. Ružičková and B. Lehotská and E. Kalivodová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_50to63.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {50-63}, abstract = {Plant seeds and fruits can be dispersed in several ways; diaspore dispersal by ornithochory is common to many plant species. The aim of the study was to assess the birds’ potential in dispersal of woody species which are present in the riparian vegetation of two streams with tributaries in the lowland of SW Slovakia. We examined three hypotheses related to riparian woody vegetation: (1) ornithochory plays an important role in the formation of riparian vegetation, (2) riparian vegetation serves as a food source for bird species in highly deforested lowland landscape, (3) there are differences among selected indication groups of woody plant species by types of diaspore dispersal. Four indication groups represent natural alluvial woody vegetation, adjacent forests, other autochtonous woody species and non-native species. Characteristics, such as diaspore type, weight, maturity, and dispersal patterns within four indication groups of woody species were analysed. The occurrence of bird species, feeding strategy and weight categories of birds were assessed. In addition to field research, the data were obtained from the work of Turček “Ecological relationships of birds and woody plants” and from the D3 Dispersal and Diaspore Database. The results show a high proportion (53%) of plants with fleshy fruits, consequently endozoochory (including ornithochory) appears to be the dominant pattern of diaspore dispersal of riparian woody species of the study area, and the second is anemochory. Evident differences in diaspore dispersal patterns were found within the indication groups. Five bird species participate in dispersal of more than 50% of the assessed woody plants. The analyses showed that a significant share of small-size birds (50–100 g) and large-size birds (500–1,000 g) spread riparian vegetation woody species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Plant seeds and fruits can be dispersed in several ways; diaspore dispersal by ornithochory is common to many plant species. The aim of the study was to assess the birds’ potential in dispersal of woody species which are present in the riparian vegetation of two streams with tributaries in the lowland of SW Slovakia. We examined three hypotheses related to riparian woody vegetation: (1) ornithochory plays an important role in the formation of riparian vegetation, (2) riparian vegetation serves as a food source for bird species in highly deforested lowland landscape, (3) there are differences among selected indication groups of woody plant species by types of diaspore dispersal. Four indication groups represent natural alluvial woody vegetation, adjacent forests, other autochtonous woody species and non-native species. Characteristics, such as diaspore type, weight, maturity, and dispersal patterns within four indication groups of woody species were analysed. The occurrence of bird species, feeding strategy and weight categories of birds were assessed. In addition to field research, the data were obtained from the work of Turček “Ecological relationships of birds and woody plants” and from the D3 Dispersal and Diaspore Database. The results show a high proportion (53%) of plants with fleshy fruits, consequently endozoochory (including ornithochory) appears to be the dominant pattern of diaspore dispersal of riparian woody species of the study area, and the second is anemochory. Evident differences in diaspore dispersal patterns were found within the indication groups. Five bird species participate in dispersal of more than 50% of the assessed woody plants. The analyses showed that a significant share of small-size birds (50–100 g) and large-size birds (500–1,000 g) spread riparian vegetation woody species. |
Tulis, F; Ambros, M; Baláž, I; Žiak, D; Hulejová-Sládkovičová, V; Miklós, P; Dudich, A; Stollmann, A; Klimant, P; Somogyi, B; Horváth, G Expansion of the Striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) in the south-western Slovakia during 2010–2015 Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 64-73, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tulis2016, title = {Expansion of the Striped field mouse (\textit{Apodemus agrarius}) in the south-western Slovakia during 2010–2015}, author = {F. Tulis and M. Ambros and I. Baláž and D. Žiak and V. Hulejová-Sládkovičová and P. Miklós and A. Dudich and A. Stollmann and P. Klimant and B. Somogyi and G. Horváth}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_64to73.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {64-73}, abstract = {Population of the Striped field mouse spread out into unoccupied territories leading to the rapid enlargement of their range of distribution is defined as an expansion. In 2010, the presence of the species in south-western Slovakia was recorded for the first time. During monitoring of this expansion (from 2010 to 2015) 59 new localities in south-western Slovakia were recorded, representing confirmation of the presence of A. agrarius in 18 new quadrates of Databank of Slovak fauna. Thus in 2015, marginal points of the distribution area were the Danube River in south-western Slovakia, the Šur National Nature Reserve in the west, the wetland near Tešmak in the east and the Jasová water reservoir in the north. The impact of this expansion on the quantitative composition of the small mammal’s community has been evaluated for three sites (Čiližská mokraď wetland, Okoličianska mokraď wetland, Martovská mokraď wetland) and one larger area (south-western corner of Danubian lowland). In all the observed sites the expansion of A. agrarius was related to rapid increase of its abundance. However its representation in the small mammal’s community was significantly growing only in the site Čiližská mokraď wetland and Martovská mokraď wetland. In general, the rapid increase of the abundance of Apodemus agrarius in the small mammal’s community in the observed sites led to the significant decrease of the abundance of several species of small mammals, mainly Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Population of the Striped field mouse spread out into unoccupied territories leading to the rapid enlargement of their range of distribution is defined as an expansion. In 2010, the presence of the species in south-western Slovakia was recorded for the first time. During monitoring of this expansion (from 2010 to 2015) 59 new localities in south-western Slovakia were recorded, representing confirmation of the presence of A. agrarius in 18 new quadrates of Databank of Slovak fauna. Thus in 2015, marginal points of the distribution area were the Danube River in south-western Slovakia, the Šur National Nature Reserve in the west, the wetland near Tešmak in the east and the Jasová water reservoir in the north. The impact of this expansion on the quantitative composition of the small mammal’s community has been evaluated for three sites (Čiližská mokraď wetland, Okoličianska mokraď wetland, Martovská mokraď wetland) and one larger area (south-western corner of Danubian lowland). In all the observed sites the expansion of A. agrarius was related to rapid increase of its abundance. However its representation in the small mammal’s community was significantly growing only in the site Čiližská mokraď wetland and Martovská mokraď wetland. In general, the rapid increase of the abundance of Apodemus agrarius in the small mammal’s community in the observed sites led to the significant decrease of the abundance of several species of small mammals, mainly Apodemus sylvaticus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Sorex araneus. |
Turčoková, L; Melišková, M; Balážová, M Nest site location and breeding success of Common kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Danube river system Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 74-82, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Turčoková2016, title = {Nest site location and breeding success of Common kingfisher (\textit{Alcedo atthis}) in the Danube river system}, author = {L. Turčoková and M. Melišková and M. Balážová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_74to82.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {74-82}, abstract = {Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis is a fish-eating species that preferentially breeds alongside natural watercourses or smaller water bodies. During the seasons 2012, 2014 and 2015, we monitored the density of kingfisher population, nest site location and its breeding success in the Danube river system from Bratislava to Gabčíkovo (Slovakia). Population density was estimated on 23–27 pairs/55 km of the length of river branches. Average distance between nesting holes occupied by different breeding pairs was 816 m ± 421 SD. Kingfishers used river banks and wind throws to dig a burrow. The nest site location, but not nest parameters, was affected by the maximal height of the suitable area of the wall. As wind throws had larger suitable area, the location of nests in wind throws differed from the location in riverbanks. Breeding attempts were successful in 86% cases. The reason of unsuccessful breeding was mainly predation. Almost 72% of pairs bred two times per season, 17.9% of pairs three times and 10.7% of pairs four times per season. The most successful were the second and the third breeding attempts. Breeding pairs produced on average 6.43 young per successful breeding and 14.95 young per season. In total, 58% of pairs alternated breeding attempts. The rest of pairs overlapped attempts using different holes. Average distance between the holes concurrently used by a pair was 113.73 m (min = 0.3 m; max = 372 m). Neither this parameter nor the date of the first egg-lying in previous attempt affected the duration of the overlapping.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Common kingfisher, Alcedo atthis is a fish-eating species that preferentially breeds alongside natural watercourses or smaller water bodies. During the seasons 2012, 2014 and 2015, we monitored the density of kingfisher population, nest site location and its breeding success in the Danube river system from Bratislava to Gabčíkovo (Slovakia). Population density was estimated on 23–27 pairs/55 km of the length of river branches. Average distance between nesting holes occupied by different breeding pairs was 816 m ± 421 SD. Kingfishers used river banks and wind throws to dig a burrow. The nest site location, but not nest parameters, was affected by the maximal height of the suitable area of the wall. As wind throws had larger suitable area, the location of nests in wind throws differed from the location in riverbanks. Breeding attempts were successful in 86% cases. The reason of unsuccessful breeding was mainly predation. Almost 72% of pairs bred two times per season, 17.9% of pairs three times and 10.7% of pairs four times per season. The most successful were the second and the third breeding attempts. Breeding pairs produced on average 6.43 young per successful breeding and 14.95 young per season. In total, 58% of pairs alternated breeding attempts. The rest of pairs overlapped attempts using different holes. Average distance between the holes concurrently used by a pair was 113.73 m (min = 0.3 m; max = 372 m). Neither this parameter nor the date of the first egg-lying in previous attempt affected the duration of the overlapping. |
Ambros, M; Baláž, I; Klimant, P; Tulis, F; Dudich, A; Stollmann, A; Somogyi, B; Horváth, G The occurrence of Pannonian root vole (Microtus oeconomus mehelyi) in small mammals’ communities in Danubian Plain Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 83-88, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Ambros2016, title = {The occurrence of Pannonian root vole (\textit{Microtus oeconomus mehelyi}) in small mammals’ communities in Danubian Plain}, author = {M. Ambros and I. Baláž and P. Klimant and F. Tulis and A. Dudich and A. Stollmann and B. Somogyi and G. Horváth}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_83to88.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {83-88}, abstract = {Two orographic units, Podunajská rovina (Danubian Plain) and Hronská pahorkatina Highlands represent the border of Pannonian root vole’s central European population distribution area, where it colonises wet habitats. Communities of small mammals, especially the occurrence of Root vole, were investigated during the period 1981–2015 along the rivers Danube, Váh, Nitra, Žitava and Ipeľ. We investigated 146 sites and the occurrence of Root vole was confirmed in 39 localities (177 ind.), where it occurred together with other 18 small mammal species (1610 ind.). Root vole, Bank vole and the Common shrew were eudominant species in these communities. The character of recent Root vole population in these areas is not well studied. The isolation of habitats, recent knowledge about dynamics of its demography or possibilities and abilities for migration, indicate a prospect of metapopulation structure of this population. The answers to these questions will provide fundamental consequences for modifying or changing the conservation management strategy of this species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two orographic units, Podunajská rovina (Danubian Plain) and Hronská pahorkatina Highlands represent the border of Pannonian root vole’s central European population distribution area, where it colonises wet habitats. Communities of small mammals, especially the occurrence of Root vole, were investigated during the period 1981–2015 along the rivers Danube, Váh, Nitra, Žitava and Ipeľ. We investigated 146 sites and the occurrence of Root vole was confirmed in 39 localities (177 ind.), where it occurred together with other 18 small mammal species (1610 ind.). Root vole, Bank vole and the Common shrew were eudominant species in these communities. The character of recent Root vole population in these areas is not well studied. The isolation of habitats, recent knowledge about dynamics of its demography or possibilities and abilities for migration, indicate a prospect of metapopulation structure of this population. The answers to these questions will provide fundamental consequences for modifying or changing the conservation management strategy of this species. |
Bačkor, P The activity of bats in the Badínsky prales primeval forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 89-94, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Bačkor2016, title = {The activity of bats in the Badínsky prales primeval forest}, author = {P. Bačkor}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_89to94.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {89-94}, abstract = {Primeval forests with their large heterogeneity with regard to composition of tree species, age of trees or canopy coverage are excellent locations for studying various animals, especially bats. In Slovakia, where primeval forests comprise just 0.48% of total forest area any coherent knowledge about basic composition of bat species is lacking. To contribute to knowledge about the occurrence of bat species in Slovakia’s natural (primeval or old grown) forests, this study presents a first summary overview of bat species composition with regard to vertical utilization of their foraging habitat. We collected data in the Western Carpathian (Kremnické vrchy Mts) in old-grown primeval beech forest (>200 years) using the passive automatic bat-detector. The device was set up to the tree trunk in 5, 10 and 15 meters above the ground. Altogether was recorded 72 minutes (n = 22,544 bat calls, 311 records in average per night). The total of 10 bat species was determined. The number of recording varied according to height. Number of Myotis-group calls did significantly differ in individual recording heights but only between 5 and 15 meters, however such differences were absent in the case of non-Myotis group calls, as well as in both types’ calls merged together. Calls of Myotis-group were the most abundant whereas they represented 96.5% from all determined calls at 5 m above ground, but only 22.7% at height of 15 meters. The family Rhinolophidae (CF; frequency > 80 kHz) was not recorded. Only a small percentages of fast hawking species Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri (≤1%) was recorded. In general, the results are in accordance with similar studies dealing with activity of bats in forests.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Primeval forests with their large heterogeneity with regard to composition of tree species, age of trees or canopy coverage are excellent locations for studying various animals, especially bats. In Slovakia, where primeval forests comprise just 0.48% of total forest area any coherent knowledge about basic composition of bat species is lacking. To contribute to knowledge about the occurrence of bat species in Slovakia’s natural (primeval or old grown) forests, this study presents a first summary overview of bat species composition with regard to vertical utilization of their foraging habitat. We collected data in the Western Carpathian (Kremnické vrchy Mts) in old-grown primeval beech forest (>200 years) using the passive automatic bat-detector. The device was set up to the tree trunk in 5, 10 and 15 meters above the ground. Altogether was recorded 72 minutes (n = 22,544 bat calls, 311 records in average per night). The total of 10 bat species was determined. The number of recording varied according to height. Number of Myotis-group calls did significantly differ in individual recording heights but only between 5 and 15 meters, however such differences were absent in the case of non-Myotis group calls, as well as in both types’ calls merged together. Calls of Myotis-group were the most abundant whereas they represented 96.5% from all determined calls at 5 m above ground, but only 22.7% at height of 15 meters. The family Rhinolophidae (CF; frequency > 80 kHz) was not recorded. Only a small percentages of fast hawking species Nyctalus noctula and Nyctalus leisleri (≤1%) was recorded. In general, the results are in accordance with similar studies dealing with activity of bats in forests. |
Slamka, M Winter activity of European badger (Meles meles) in Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 43 (1), pp. 95-100, 2016, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Slamka2016, title = {Winter activity of European badger (\textit{Meles meles}) in Slovakia}, author = {M. Slamka}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v43_iss1_95to100.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {43}, number = {1}, pages = {95-100}, abstract = {In wide geographical distribution, the European badger is adapted to various climates, habitats and feeding conditions. At latitudes with severe winters, badgers build fat reserves in autumn and rest in winter. The effect of different temperature and climate to winter diurnal activity of badgers was studied in seven sites of the Javorie Mts and Pliešovská kotlina Valley in central Slovakia. Data were obtained from camera traps installed at badger setts and from snow tracking in three consecutive winters 2012–2015. As the considerable differences of weather conditions were found, also differences in diurnal activity in different winters appeared. The result shows that winter diurnal activity of badgers strongly depends on climate and air temperature. In average, badgers on five different setts were active more than 50% of days during January 2015 (average temperature –0.4 °C). Badgers were mainly nocturnal in winter months. Few cases of daylight activity were recorded only in second half of February, when also mating was recorded.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In wide geographical distribution, the European badger is adapted to various climates, habitats and feeding conditions. At latitudes with severe winters, badgers build fat reserves in autumn and rest in winter. The effect of different temperature and climate to winter diurnal activity of badgers was studied in seven sites of the Javorie Mts and Pliešovská kotlina Valley in central Slovakia. Data were obtained from camera traps installed at badger setts and from snow tracking in three consecutive winters 2012–2015. As the considerable differences of weather conditions were found, also differences in diurnal activity in different winters appeared. The result shows that winter diurnal activity of badgers strongly depends on climate and air temperature. In average, badgers on five different setts were active more than 50% of days during January 2015 (average temperature –0.4 °C). Badgers were mainly nocturnal in winter months. Few cases of daylight activity were recorded only in second half of February, when also mating was recorded. |
➤ Volume 42(2) 2015
Brygadyrenko, V V Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 75-88, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2015, title = {Evaluation of the ecological niche of some abundant species of the subfamily Platyninae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) against the background of eight ecological factors}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_75to88.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {75-88}, abstract = {Based on the results of 15 years of research in five regions in the steppe zone of Ukraine we have analysed the relationship between species of the subfamily Platyninae and the eight most significant ecological factors for litter macrofauna in forest ecosystems. In the forests of Ukraine Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) is a typical mesophile, with a slight preference for pine forests. C. erratus (C.R. Sahlberg, 1827) is at its most numerous in xeromesophilous moisture conditions with an average abundance of ants. C. fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) favours broad-leaved forests with 40–80% tree crown density, a sparse herbaceous layer, and clay soil with high salinity. C. melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) is at its most numerous in forests with a deep litter layer with average soil salinity. Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783) is often found in forests with of low crown density and favours areas with high salinity. Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) favours plots with scattered trees, thick grass, mesophilous moisture conditions and low abundance of ants. Limodromus krynickii (Sperk, 1835) inhabits forests with a thin litter layer, hygrophilous moisture conditions and soils with low salinity. Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) inhabits moist areas of forests with acid, sandy soil. The methods used in this research allow a quantitative multiple level assessment of the ecological niches of different species of litter invertebrate to be made.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Based on the results of 15 years of research in five regions in the steppe zone of Ukraine we have analysed the relationship between species of the subfamily Platyninae and the eight most significant ecological factors for litter macrofauna in forest ecosystems. In the forests of Ukraine Calathus ambiguus (Paykull, 1790) is a typical mesophile, with a slight preference for pine forests. C. erratus (C.R. Sahlberg, 1827) is at its most numerous in xeromesophilous moisture conditions with an average abundance of ants. C. fuscipes (Goeze, 1777) favours broad-leaved forests with 40–80% tree crown density, a sparse herbaceous layer, and clay soil with high salinity. C. melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) is at its most numerous in forests with a deep litter layer with average soil salinity. Dolichus halensis (Schaller, 1783) is often found in forests with of low crown density and favours areas with high salinity. Anchomenus dorsalis (Pontoppidan, 1763) favours plots with scattered trees, thick grass, mesophilous moisture conditions and low abundance of ants. Limodromus krynickii (Sperk, 1835) inhabits forests with a thin litter layer, hygrophilous moisture conditions and soils with low salinity. Oxypselaphus obscurus (Herbst, 1784) inhabits moist areas of forests with acid, sandy soil. The methods used in this research allow a quantitative multiple level assessment of the ecological niches of different species of litter invertebrate to be made. |
Hudec, M; Tulis, F; Feszterová, M; Hreško, J Comparison of the andosols properties of forest and meadow ecosystems on the neovolcanic rocks of the Central Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 89-102, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Hudec2015, title = {Comparison of the andosols properties of forest and meadow ecosystems on the neovolcanic rocks of the Central Slovakia}, author = {M. Hudec and F. Tulis and M. Feszterová and J. Hreško}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_89to102.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {The aim of the paper was to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of the mixed forest soils and to compare their characteristics with meadow soils (mowed and xerothermic) situated at selected volcanic mountains of Central Slovakia. The andosols analysed were taken from the Kremnické and the Štiavnické mountains. The chemical and physical characteristics of andosols have been monitored. It was proved that in the mixed forests there is a constant input of fresh organic matter which affects the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and keeps it at a steady level. The highest value variability of TOC among seasons and the highest average value of TOC were proved to be in xerothermic meadows (8.93 ± 4.49%). The land use has a statistically significant impact on the differences between the values of active pH (F = 7.5001, p = 0.001) and exchangeable soil reaction (F = 18.8866, p = 0.000). Total nitrogen (NT) was affected by land use and was decreasing from xerothermic meadows to mixed forests (p < 0.001) in linear dependence similar to the TOC content (F = 11.7573, p = 0.000). The value variabilities of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and basic cation (S) between soils of mixed forest and mowed and xerothermic meadows were statistically significant. The content of TOC negatively correlated with the sand fraction (soils of the mixed forest and xerothermic meadow) and the clay fraction (soils of monitored ecosystems).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of the paper was to describe the chemical and physical characteristics of the mixed forest soils and to compare their characteristics with meadow soils (mowed and xerothermic) situated at selected volcanic mountains of Central Slovakia. The andosols analysed were taken from the Kremnické and the Štiavnické mountains. The chemical and physical characteristics of andosols have been monitored. It was proved that in the mixed forests there is a constant input of fresh organic matter which affects the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and keeps it at a steady level. The highest value variability of TOC among seasons and the highest average value of TOC were proved to be in xerothermic meadows (8.93 ± 4.49%). The land use has a statistically significant impact on the differences between the values of active pH (F = 7.5001, p = 0.001) and exchangeable soil reaction (F = 18.8866, p = 0.000). Total nitrogen (NT) was affected by land use and was decreasing from xerothermic meadows to mixed forests (p < 0.001) in linear dependence similar to the TOC content (F = 11.7573, p = 0.000). The value variabilities of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and basic cation (S) between soils of mixed forest and mowed and xerothermic meadows were statistically significant. The content of TOC negatively correlated with the sand fraction (soils of the mixed forest and xerothermic meadow) and the clay fraction (soils of monitored ecosystems). |
Lazorík, M; Kula, E Impact of weather and habitat on the occurrence of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods in mountain spruce forests Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 103-112, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Lazorík2015, title = {Impact of weather and habitat on the occurrence of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods in mountain spruce forests}, author = {M. Lazorík and E. Kula}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_103to112.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {103-112}, abstract = {Microclimatic factors (air temperature, soil temperature and moisture in the Ah and B horizons) were determined using AMET weather stations and VIRRIB sensors on four sites in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech Republic) in 2007–2014. Simultaneously, pitfall traps were installed to monitor epigeic activity of myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea). No statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of epigeic macrofauna and the microclimate of the studied forest stands. A linear curve was fitted to the data, demonstrating an increase in air temperature by 2.9 °C and a decrease in moisture by 4.49% over the eight years of monitoring. In this period, the catch of the studied groups of macrofauna decreased while the diversity of the monitored communities increased. Increasing temperature led to the occurrence of synanthropic species Porcellio scaber and the decline of montane centipede species such as Lithobius tenebrosus and Lithobius borealis.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Microclimatic factors (air temperature, soil temperature and moisture in the Ah and B horizons) were determined using AMET weather stations and VIRRIB sensors on four sites in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech Republic) in 2007–2014. Simultaneously, pitfall traps were installed to monitor epigeic activity of myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) and terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea). No statistically significant relationship was found between the occurrence of epigeic macrofauna and the microclimate of the studied forest stands. A linear curve was fitted to the data, demonstrating an increase in air temperature by 2.9 °C and a decrease in moisture by 4.49% over the eight years of monitoring. In this period, the catch of the studied groups of macrofauna decreased while the diversity of the monitored communities increased. Increasing temperature led to the occurrence of synanthropic species Porcellio scaber and the decline of montane centipede species such as Lithobius tenebrosus and Lithobius borealis. |
Muchová, Z; Bažík, J; Petrovič, F; Hreško, J; Konc, Ľ; Michal, P Perception of land consolidation by land owners: a case study Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 113-121, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Muchová2015, title = {Perception of land consolidation by land owners: a case study}, author = {Z. Muchová and J. Bažík and F. Petrovič and J. Hreško and Ľ. Konc and P. Michal}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_113to121.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {113-121}, abstract = {Land consolidation in Slovak Republic is claimed to be negatively perceived, although, there is no empirical evidence of this. This is used by administration to interfere with land consolidation. Based on owners’ opinion in cadastral area of Malý Báb, where land consolidation was carried out, we show that a positive view on land consolidation prevails (almost 80%). Groups of respondents with inclination to a negative perception (e.g. the seniors with bad experiences in the past, ignorant juniors) were identified, problematic areas (e.g. communication, mistrust, contributions to environmental measures) and lack of information (e.g. people with a lower education and juniors) highlighted. It seems that a positive attitude on land consolidation could be achieved with well-informed owners, provided their views and concerns will be respected.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Land consolidation in Slovak Republic is claimed to be negatively perceived, although, there is no empirical evidence of this. This is used by administration to interfere with land consolidation. Based on owners’ opinion in cadastral area of Malý Báb, where land consolidation was carried out, we show that a positive view on land consolidation prevails (almost 80%). Groups of respondents with inclination to a negative perception (e.g. the seniors with bad experiences in the past, ignorant juniors) were identified, problematic areas (e.g. communication, mistrust, contributions to environmental measures) and lack of information (e.g. people with a lower education and juniors) highlighted. It seems that a positive attitude on land consolidation could be achieved with well-informed owners, provided their views and concerns will be respected. |
Schneider, J; Vyskot, I; Redlichová, R The influence of age on the functional effect of forest stands with simplified spatial structure Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 122-129, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schneider2015, title = {The influence of age on the functional effect of forest stands with simplified spatial structure}, author = {J. Schneider and I. Vyskot and R. Redlichová}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_122to129.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {122-129}, abstract = {The aim of this article is to present research on the relationship between forest stand age and its functional effect. Forest ecosystem (forest stand) age together with its stocking and health condition is specified as criterion characterizing forest stand (with simplified structure) actual stage, dynamics and functional effect on a base of realized analysis of wide spatial and time forest stand parameters data set. The criterion “forest ecosystem development phases” is used for forest age structure expression. It represents the percentage of forest stand age from a predicated period of its existence – rotation period. There were realized development dynamics analyses of particular forest functions and actual functional effects; forest stand age weight development as a reducing criterion for different forest stand conditions and model real effect of the forest functions development for chosen stand types. Research was carried out at the state enterprise Lesy ČR, s.p., organization unit Židlochovice. The results present a synergistic effect of functional reduction criterion on the real effect of forest stand functions. Simultaneously, the higher the forest stand age, the higher the importance of the forest stand condition and stocking.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this article is to present research on the relationship between forest stand age and its functional effect. Forest ecosystem (forest stand) age together with its stocking and health condition is specified as criterion characterizing forest stand (with simplified structure) actual stage, dynamics and functional effect on a base of realized analysis of wide spatial and time forest stand parameters data set. The criterion “forest ecosystem development phases” is used for forest age structure expression. It represents the percentage of forest stand age from a predicated period of its existence – rotation period. There were realized development dynamics analyses of particular forest functions and actual functional effects; forest stand age weight development as a reducing criterion for different forest stand conditions and model real effect of the forest functions development for chosen stand types. Research was carried out at the state enterprise Lesy ČR, s.p., organization unit Židlochovice. The results present a synergistic effect of functional reduction criterion on the real effect of forest stand functions. Simultaneously, the higher the forest stand age, the higher the importance of the forest stand condition and stocking. |
Šebestová, M; Holecová, M; Hollá, K; Šestáková, A Winter occurrence of diprionid larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) on pines in Central Europe: an effect of global warming? Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (2), pp. 130-133, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Šebestová2015, title = {Winter occurrence of diprionid larvae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) on pines in Central Europe: an effect of global warming?}, author = {M. Šebestová and M. Holecová and K. Hollá and A. Šestáková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss2_130to133.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {130-133}, abstract = {During two winter seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), we collected insects from branches of Scotch pine trees in the Borská nížina lowland (western Slovakia) using beating method. Four hymenopteran species in the larval stage were recorded in December 2013: Diprion similis (Hartig, 1834), Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793), Gilpinia pallida (Klug, 1812) and Gilpinia variegata (Hartig, 1834). The occurrence of diprionid larvae in the non-growing season has not been so far reported from Central Europe and may be a result of global warming.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During two winter seasons (2013–2014 and 2014–2015), we collected insects from branches of Scotch pine trees in the Borská nížina lowland (western Slovakia) using beating method. Four hymenopteran species in the larval stage were recorded in December 2013: Diprion similis (Hartig, 1834), Gilpinia frutetorum (Fabricius, 1793), Gilpinia pallida (Klug, 1812) and Gilpinia variegata (Hartig, 1834). The occurrence of diprionid larvae in the non-growing season has not been so far reported from Central Europe and may be a result of global warming. |
➤ Volume 42(1) 2015
Boitsova, L; Zinczuk, E; Neprimerova, S; Balashov, E Distribution of total and clay-associated organic matter in profiles of arable loamy sand Spodosol Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 1-9, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Boitsova2015, title = {Distribution of total and clay-associated organic matter in profiles of arable loamy sand Spodosol}, author = {L. Boitsova and E. Zinczuk and S. Neprimerova and E. Balashov}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_1to9.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {Stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) in clay particles is important when the effect of management practices on organic carbon sequestration is being assessed. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in total SOM content in bulk soils and clay particles along four soil profiles under perennial grass-red clover and vetch-oat mixtures with and without farmyard manure (FYM) amendment. The results have shown that the highest accumulation of total SOM in bulk soil was observed in top horizons of soils amended with FYM for both crops. The total SOM content in bulk soil decreased down the soil profile but on average it was higher in the FYM-amended soils. Primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), as compared to phyllosilicates (micas and chlorite), dominated in clay-sized fractions of soils. The highest clay-associated SOM content was also determined in the topsoil horizons. A more pronounced effect of FYM on the content of clay-associated SOM was observed in the topsoil under vetch-oat mixture. The clay-associated SOM content decreased with soil depth and negatively correlated to abundance of micas (r = –0.50 to –0.99).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) in clay particles is important when the effect of management practices on organic carbon sequestration is being assessed. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in total SOM content in bulk soils and clay particles along four soil profiles under perennial grass-red clover and vetch-oat mixtures with and without farmyard manure (FYM) amendment. The results have shown that the highest accumulation of total SOM in bulk soil was observed in top horizons of soils amended with FYM for both crops. The total SOM content in bulk soil decreased down the soil profile but on average it was higher in the FYM-amended soils. Primary minerals (quartz, feldspar), as compared to phyllosilicates (micas and chlorite), dominated in clay-sized fractions of soils. The highest clay-associated SOM content was also determined in the topsoil horizons. A more pronounced effect of FYM on the content of clay-associated SOM was observed in the topsoil under vetch-oat mixture. The clay-associated SOM content decreased with soil depth and negatively correlated to abundance of micas (r = –0.50 to –0.99). |
Brygadyrenko, V V; Svyrydchenko, A O Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 10-20, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Brygadyrenko2015b, title = {Influence of the gregarine \textit{Stenophora julipusilli} (Eugregarinorida, Stenophoridae) on the trophic activity of \textit{Rossiulus kessleri} (Diplopoda, Julidae)}, author = {V.V. Brygadyrenko and A.O. Svyrydchenko}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_10to20.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {10-20}, abstract = {Analysis of the contents of the intestines of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) revealed presence of gamonts of Stenophora daulphinia Watson, 1916, S. juli (Frantzius, 1846) Labbe, 1899 and S. julipusilli (Leidy, 1853) Crawley, 1903. For the analysis of the consumption of leaves of Acer negundo L. in the course of a two week laboratory experiment 122 specimens of R. kessleri infested with S. julipusilli, and 32 specimens not infested with gregarines were investigated. The initial and final body weight of each millipede was determined as well as the mass of food consumed, the amount of excrement produced and the extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli. No relationship between the amount of food consumed and initial weight of R. kessleri specimens was found. Nor was any dependence between the amount of excrement, amount of food consumed and change in body mass established. S. julipusilli gamonts and syzygys were found in 79.2% of millipede specimens. The infestation with gamonts of younger R. kessleri specimens was significantly lower than with average to large specimens of millipedes. The sex of the host was not found to influence food consumption, change in body mass or in mass of faeces. The extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli did not significantly differ between males and females of R. kessleri. In specimens not infested with gregarine gamonts the food consumption during the two-week experiment was at a high level, in those with a slight infestation (1–8 gamonts) it increased by 29%, in those with average and high extent of infestation it decreased by 8% compared with uninfested individuals. During the experiment influence of the number of S. julipusilli gamonts upon change in body mass and production of excrement by R. kessleri was not observed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Analysis of the contents of the intestines of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) revealed presence of gamonts of Stenophora daulphinia Watson, 1916, S. juli (Frantzius, 1846) Labbe, 1899 and S. julipusilli (Leidy, 1853) Crawley, 1903. For the analysis of the consumption of leaves of Acer negundo L. in the course of a two week laboratory experiment 122 specimens of R. kessleri infested with S. julipusilli, and 32 specimens not infested with gregarines were investigated. The initial and final body weight of each millipede was determined as well as the mass of food consumed, the amount of excrement produced and the extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli. No relationship between the amount of food consumed and initial weight of R. kessleri specimens was found. Nor was any dependence between the amount of excrement, amount of food consumed and change in body mass established. S. julipusilli gamonts and syzygys were found in 79.2% of millipede specimens. The infestation with gamonts of younger R. kessleri specimens was significantly lower than with average to large specimens of millipedes. The sex of the host was not found to influence food consumption, change in body mass or in mass of faeces. The extent of infestation with gamonts of S. julipusilli did not significantly differ between males and females of R. kessleri. In specimens not infested with gregarine gamonts the food consumption during the two-week experiment was at a high level, in those with a slight infestation (1–8 gamonts) it increased by 29%, in those with average and high extent of infestation it decreased by 8% compared with uninfested individuals. During the experiment influence of the number of S. julipusilli gamonts upon change in body mass and production of excrement by R. kessleri was not observed. |
Igondová, E; Majzlan, O Assemblages of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in peatland habitat, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 21-28, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Igondová2015, title = {Assemblages of ground beetles (Carabidae, Coleoptera) in peatland habitat, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows}, author = {E. Igondová and O. Majzlan}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_21to28.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {21-28}, abstract = {This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground beetles in peatland, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows in the Šuja peatbog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The main aim was to classify assemblages of beetles into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Carabids were sampled between May and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps and 1,627 individuals belonging to 55 species were registered in total. All features such as diversity, equitability, species composition, their preference for humidity and vegetation cover, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association and community index of the ground beetles were used to characterize ground beetle communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the carabid beetles at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. The scatter of species formed four groups of species associated with dry open lowland habitats, wetter woodland habitats, hygrofil wetland habitats and dry to semi wet unshaded habitats.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This research was conducted to study assemblages of ground beetles in peatland, surrounding dry pine forests and meadows in the Šuja peatbog (in northern part of Slovakia) in 2013. The main aim was to classify assemblages of beetles into different habitat types, compare their composition and analyse the relation of species occurrence at study sites. Carabids were sampled between May and October 2013 at 8 study sites using pitfall traps and 1,627 individuals belonging to 55 species were registered in total. All features such as diversity, equitability, species composition, their preference for humidity and vegetation cover, inclusion in the group of their ecological valence and habitat association and community index of the ground beetles were used to characterize ground beetle communities at each study site. In order to evaluate the relationship among the communities of the carabid beetles at the sampling sites we used principal component analysis. The scatter of species formed four groups of species associated with dry open lowland habitats, wetter woodland habitats, hygrofil wetland habitats and dry to semi wet unshaded habitats. |
Polláková, N; Šimanský, V; Ložek, O; Hanáčková, E; Candráková, E The changes of nutrient and risk elements of top soil layers under canopy of different tree species and grassland in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 29-34, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Polláková2015, title = {The changes of nutrient and risk elements of top soil layers under canopy of different tree species and grassland in Arboretum Mlyňany, Slovakia}, author = {N. Polláková and V. Šimanský and O. Ložek and E. Hanáčková and E. Candráková}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_29to34.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {29-34}, abstract = {Litter represents the input-output system of nutrients in forests. Since the aim of study was to extent the knowledge of nutrient and risk elements cycling in the Arboretum Mlyňany (Slovak Republic), we investigated the contents of selected elements in the litter of tree species and grassland, and compared them with the contents of elements in the surface soil layers (0–10 cm). Results showed that the richest on N, P, K macro-elements were sod of grass, rich was litter of maple, oak and surprisingly also yew. The correlation between quantity of exchange calcium, magnesium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, copper and iron in the surface soil layers and litters was not significant. On the contrary, statistically significant correlations were found in case of zinc and manganese in litter and their available ions in the surface soil layers (Zn: r = 0.884, P < 0.001; Mn: r = 0.501, P < 0.05). Limit values of available cadmium and zinc content were exceeded in the soil for yews, Cd for Himalayan pines and lead for spruces. Higher contents of mentioned heavy metals in soil were attributed to bioaccumulation, as well as to atmospheric deposition.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Litter represents the input-output system of nutrients in forests. Since the aim of study was to extent the knowledge of nutrient and risk elements cycling in the Arboretum Mlyňany (Slovak Republic), we investigated the contents of selected elements in the litter of tree species and grassland, and compared them with the contents of elements in the surface soil layers (0–10 cm). Results showed that the richest on N, P, K macro-elements were sod of grass, rich was litter of maple, oak and surprisingly also yew. The correlation between quantity of exchange calcium, magnesium, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, copper and iron in the surface soil layers and litters was not significant. On the contrary, statistically significant correlations were found in case of zinc and manganese in litter and their available ions in the surface soil layers (Zn: r = 0.884, P < 0.001; Mn: r = 0.501, P < 0.05). Limit values of available cadmium and zinc content were exceeded in the soil for yews, Cd for Himalayan pines and lead for spruces. Higher contents of mentioned heavy metals in soil were attributed to bioaccumulation, as well as to atmospheric deposition. |
Schieber, B; Kubov, M; Pavelka, M; Janík, R Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 35-45, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Schieber2015, title = {Vegetation dynamics of herb layer in managed submountain beech forest}, author = {B. Schieber and M. Kubov and M. Pavelka and R. Janík}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_35to45.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {35-45}, abstract = {Dynamics of herb layer within two communities in managed submountain beech forest was studied. Sampling was done on three differently managed forest plots over the period of 16 years (1995–2011). The first plot was situated in an original 110-year-old beech stand (control), the second was covered by a thicket (in 2011 – aged ca 23 years) developed after clear-cut. At the third plot, several interventions were performed along with a gradual reduction of the original stand density, and finally the parent stand was completely felled. Results revealed conspicuous changes in community structure, especially in species richness and composition. Also, changes in population dynamics of two dominant herb species were observed, mainly on the managed plots. Using Shannon-Wiener′s index we ranked the communities to the category with low-diversity, however increasing diversity was denoted on the area with complete removal of the tree layer. Bioindication using the Ellenberg’s indicator values for selected ecological factors (temperature, light, soil moisture and nitrogen content) was used to find a reflection of the human-caused environmental changes on herb layer structure in a beech forest. Mean values for the both light and nitrogen content were changed significantly only on the managed plots, while no biologically significant changes in mean values for the both temperature and soil moisture were found.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dynamics of herb layer within two communities in managed submountain beech forest was studied. Sampling was done on three differently managed forest plots over the period of 16 years (1995–2011). The first plot was situated in an original 110-year-old beech stand (control), the second was covered by a thicket (in 2011 – aged ca 23 years) developed after clear-cut. At the third plot, several interventions were performed along with a gradual reduction of the original stand density, and finally the parent stand was completely felled. Results revealed conspicuous changes in community structure, especially in species richness and composition. Also, changes in population dynamics of two dominant herb species were observed, mainly on the managed plots. Using Shannon-Wiener′s index we ranked the communities to the category with low-diversity, however increasing diversity was denoted on the area with complete removal of the tree layer. Bioindication using the Ellenberg’s indicator values for selected ecological factors (temperature, light, soil moisture and nitrogen content) was used to find a reflection of the human-caused environmental changes on herb layer structure in a beech forest. Mean values for the both light and nitrogen content were changed significantly only on the managed plots, while no biologically significant changes in mean values for the both temperature and soil moisture were found. |
Tobiašova, E; Dębska, B; Drag, M The assessment of the soil organic matter of different ecosystems according to parameters of carbon Journal Article Folia Oecologica, 42 (1), pp. 46-53, 2015, ISSN: 1336-5266. @article{Tobiašova2015, title = {The assessment of the soil organic matter of different ecosystems according to parameters of carbon}, author = {E. Tobiašova and B. Dębska and M. Drag}, url = {http://ife.sk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/FO_v42_iss1_46to53.pdf}, issn = {1336-5266}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Folia Oecologica}, volume = {42}, number = {1}, pages = {46-53}, abstract = {In this study, the differences in the assessment of the soil organic matter (SOM) of 8 soils (Eutric Fluvisol, Mollic Fluvisol, Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Eutric Cambisol, Rendzic Leptosol, Eutric Regosol, and Dystric Planosol) of different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) in Slovakia were compared. The quantity and quality of the SOM was assessed through the parameters of carbon in the total volume of soil and in the fractions of soil aggr |